CHAPTER-41-ETHICS-(17 QUESTIONS)

true or false. ETHICS - is the study of a system of moral principles and standards, or the process of using them to decide your conduct and actions. a. true. b. false.

A. true

true or false. NURSING ETHICS - is a subset of bioethics. it refers to ethical questions that arise out of nursing practice. a. true. b. false.

A. true

true or false. an ETHICS OF CARE - nursing philosophy directs attention to the specific situations of individual patients, viewed within the context of their life narrative. A. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. every competent adult has the right to accept or refuse treatment and should be provided all the information needed to make an informed decision. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. factors in moral decision making include attitudes and beliefs. A. true. B. false.

A. true.

true or false. nursing codes are not legally binding. however, they often exceed legal obligations. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. nursing ethics are questions that have to do with the nurse's actions, not the actions of others. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. people express their values through behaviors, feelings, knowledge, and decisions. for example - the nurse who values compassion will interact with patients in a sensitive, caring manner. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. values are highly individualized. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

select all that apply. THE PATIENT CARE PARTNERSHIP - when admitted to hospitals or to extended care facilities, patients are entitled to specific rights in terms of their treatment - the right to? A. make their own decisions. B. be active partners in the treatment process. C. be treated with dignity and respect.

A, B , C

select all that apply? WHAT FACTORS AFFECT MORAL DECISION? A. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE B. VALUES, ATTITUDES, AND BELIEFS.

A, B.

select all that apply. ETHICS: A. systematic study of right and wrong conduct. B. formal process for making consistent moral decisions.

A, b

select all that apply. FEMINIST ETHICS include? A. values relationships and stories. B. addresses female perspective of issues.

A, b

select all that apply. MORALS : A. private, personal, or group standards of right and wrong. B. moral behavior, in accordance with custom, reflects personal moral beliefs.

A, b

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Kohlbergs' Stages include? A. stage 1 - moral reasoning is based on personal interest and avoiding punishment B. stage 2 - principles focus on pleasing others and following rules. C. stage 3 - moral principles are based on universal and impartial principles of justice. this is the final level, it occurs in adulthood.

A, b ,c.

select all that apply. ETHICAL QUESTIONS THAT ARISE OUT OF NURSING PRACTICE INCLUDE: A. WHAT will your level of participation be in a given ethically challenging situation? B. can you support patients' decisions based on their ethical beliefs? C. what are your feelings about the results of decisions made by others?

A, b, c

select all that apply. MORAL DISTRESS: A. inability to carry out a moral decision. B. perceived constraints: internal - not enough knowledge, socialization. C. perceived constraints: external - providers, nurses, administrators, other nurses, fired, retaliated or make their job difficult. - the LAW; threat or lawsuit: losing their license or being sued.

A, b, c

ETHICS answers the question? A. what should i do in a given situation such as - is it wrong to steal if you have to do it to feed your children? B. tylenol practice.

A.

M - massage the dilemma. O - outline the options. R - resolve the dilemma. A - act by applying the chosen option. L - look back and evaluate. this stands for? A. MORAL. B. tylenol

A.

basically ethics is? A. right or wrong b. tylenol

A.

in modern theory, MORALS refers to? A. private, personal, or group standards of what is good or bad, right or wrong such as - in general, it is wrong to steal. B. radiation

A.

law is basically? A. applying strict legal principles. b. tylenol

A.

the duty to do or promote good is termed as? A. beneficence. B. radiation

A.

the duty to keep promises? A. fidelity B. tylenol

A.

the duty to tell the truth is termed? A. veracity B. radiation

A.

the obligation to be fair? A. justice. B. romance.

A.

the patient has right sided hemiplegia as a result of a stroke (brain Attack) and wants a cup of hot coffee. Even though the patient is insistent, the nurse does not permit her to drink the coffee unsupervised. this nurse is using the ethical principle of? A. nonmaleficence. B. radiation

A.

true or false. ethical dilemmas arise when nurses experience conflicts among their loyalties to patients, families, providers,. employers and other nurses'. a. true. b. false

A.

we attempt to understand our own values regarding an issue and to know when to put them aside, if necessary, to become nonjudgmental when providing care to clients. this is termed as? A. value neutrality. b. radiation

A.

when the patient has made a moral decision but is unable to carry out the chosen decision. expressions of guilt, frustration, expressions of powerlessness, anxiety, self doubt, and fear. this is termed as? A. moral distress. B. radiation.

A.

true or false. KOHLBERG - Kohlbergs' research (1968, 1981) led him to conclude that children go through a sequence of moral reasoning ability, proceeding through several stages. "MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY". A. TRUE. B. FALSE.

A. TRUE.

true or false. the theoretical knowledge you will need to begin professional practice includes an understanding of the nature of morals and ethics - and especially nursing ethics, and basic information about factors that affect moral decisions such as values, moral frameworks, professional guidelines, and ethical principles. a. true. b. false.

A. true

true or false. your value system is your value set ranked from the most important value to the least important. - your value system begins to emerge shortly after birth and continues throughout your life, as various sources - parents, teachers, religious figures, peers, and so on - influences your values. a. true. b. false.

A. true

TRUE OR FALSE. Bioethics - refers to the application of ethical principles to every aspect of healthcare. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

TRUE OR FALSE. developmental stage - A persons stage of moral development affects the way they reason about moral issues. WE LEARN AND INTERNALIZE our morals throughout the life span, beginning in childhood. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

the MORAL model is used for ethical decision making. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. A values clarification process does not tell you what your values ought to be; it merely helps you discover what they are. A. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. ATTITUDES - are mental dispositions or feelings toward a person, object, or idea. they can be cognitive (THINKING), affective (FEELING), and behavioral (DOING). attitudes are our way of responding to situations or things. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. BIOETHICS - is concerned with every area of healthcare, including direct care of patients, allocation of resources, utilization of staff, and medical and nursing research. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. DEONTOLOGY - uses rules, principles, and standards to determine whether and action is right or wrong. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. ETHICAL (or Moral) FRAMEWORKS - are systems of thought (theories) that can explain the differing perspectives people have in ethical situations. Many of these frameworks are rooted in ancient works. A. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. ETHICS is central to nursing. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. GILLIGAN - challenged Kohlbergs' perspective of moral development, citing it as male biased. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. GILLIGAN - found through her research that girls develop morally by paying attention to community and to relationships, whereas boys tend to process dilemmas through more abstract ideals or principles. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. GOLDEN RULE - which states that you should treat others as you wish to be treated. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. Kohlberg found that more than half of a persons thinking reflects the stage they are in , and the remainder reflects the stage they are leaving or the stage into which they are moving. SOME people never achieve Kohlbergs' highest levels, yet progression through the stages is always forward, never backward, except in extreme trauma; people do not skip stages. A. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. MORAL AGENCY or ETHICAL AGENCY - for nurses is the ability to base their practice on professional standards of ethical conduct and to participate in ethical decision making. SIMPLY - stated, it means that nurses have choices and are responsible for their actions. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. MORAL DISTRESS - can occur when nurses are unable to act as moral agents. A. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. MORAL OUTRAGE - is similar to moral distress, except that in cases of moral outrage, nurses do not participate in the act. Therefore, they do not believe that they are responsible for doing wrong, but that they are powerless to prevent others from doing so. A. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. MORALS. morals are learned from external influences and communicated through various systems such as - religious, political, educational, societal. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. No matter how well you know the theories, they will not provide the right answers for what to do in a specific patient situation. they merely offer a lens through which you can examine an ethical problem. A. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. PATERNALISM - treating others like children can have negative consequences. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. Professional codes of ethics are formal statements of a groups expectations and standards for professional behavior generally accepted by members of the profession. A. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. Providers experience MORAL OUTRAGE - when they perceive that others behaving immorally. A. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. TELL OR DO NOT TELL. according to professional ethics, your first allegiance is to the patient. however, the patients needs often conflict with institutional policies, family desires or even state laws. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. VERACITY - is the duty to tell the truth. a. true b. false.

A. true.

true or false. When situational constraints prevent nurses from acting on their moral decisions, MORAL DISTRESS may occur. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. a BELIEF - is something that one accepts as true. such as - i believe that germs cause disease and that by washing my hands i remove germs. BELIEFS - are some sometimes based on faith and sometimes facts. a BELIEF - may or may not be true. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. a VALUE - is a belief about the worth of something; it serves as a principle or a standard that influences decision making. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. values are ideals, beliefs, customs, modes of conduct, qualities, or goals that are highly prized or preferred by individuals, groups, or society. - you can value an idea, a person, a way of doing things, or even an object - money. A. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. values can vary and change. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. your PERSONAL VALUE SYSTEM - is a set of values that you have reflected on and chosen that will help you to lead a good life. a. true. b. false.

A. true.

true or false. your value - set is your list of values. it gives direction for your life and forms a basis for behavior. A. true. b. false.

A. true.

select all that apply. BELIEFS include? A. something that one accepts as true. B. not always based on fact.

a, b

select all that apply. ETHICS OF CARE include? A. nursings' responsibility to care in ethical situations. B. principles combined with feelings.

a, b

select all that apply. MORAL OUTRAGE: A. belief that others are acting immorally. B. feel powerless - cannot prevent a wrong. - respond with whistleblowing.

a, b

select all that apply. NATURES OF THE WORK includes? A. nurses' ethical problems are immediate, serious, and frequent. B. nurses' unique position in healthcare organizations - nurses' are employees as well as professionals.

a, b

select all that apply. ATTITUDES include? A. feelings toward person, object, idea. B. includes thinking and feeling component. C. what a person thinks.

a, b, c

select all that apply. ETHICAL PROBLEMS FOR NURSES sources include: A. consumer awareness: informed consent. B. technological advances: we CAN, but should we? C. multicultural population: differing values. D. cost containment: unequal access.

a, b, c, d

select all that apply. NATURE OF THE PROFESSION includes? A. caring VS. time spent with patients. B. autonomy VS. escaping hard choices. C. higher pay VS. cost effectiveness D. professionalism VS. caring

a, b, c, d

select all that apply. YOU DEMONSTRATE RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY WHEN YOU: A. treat clients with consideration. B. believe clients stories about the course and symptoms of their illnesses. C. protect those who are unable to decide for themselves. D. protect privacy and confidentiality.

a, b, c, d

select all that apply. PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES FOR ETHICAL DECISION MAKING includes? A. codes of ethics for nurses. B. international council of nurses - a guide for action based on social values and needs. C. American nurses association - standards of care: establishes the ethical standard for the profession; 9 provisions. D. patient care partnership - patients are entitled to specific rights in terms of their treatments. E. the joint commission - organizational ethics and individual rights.

a, b, c, d , e

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. the MORAL model includes: A. M-message the Dilemma: first identify and define the issues in the dilemma, and consider the values and options of all the major players - THEN; identify the information gaps. B. O - Outline the options. C. R - Resolve the Dilemma. Autonomy, Beneficence and nonmaleficence, Fidelity, Veracity. D. A - Act by applying the Chosen option. E. L - Look back and evaluate

a, b, c, d, e

select all that apply. AN ETHICAL AGENT MUST BE ABLE TO: A. perceive the difference between right and wrong. B. understand abstract ethical principles. C. reason and apply ethical principles to make decisions, weigh alternatives, and plan sound ways to achieve goals. D. decide and choose freely. E. act according to choice - this assumes both the power and the capability to act.

a, b, c, d, e

select all that apply. WHISTLEBLOWING includes: A. identification of an unethical or illegal situation. - can involve one person or an entire organization. B. reporting such an action to someone in authority. C. need accurate information. D. may have consequences; think before you act. E. american nurses assocaition (ANA) working to protect whistleblowers.

a, b, c, d, e

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. processes for ethical practice include? A. clarify your values. B. identify moral dilemmas. C. using a decision making model - MORAL. D. look for a compromise. E. participate on an ethics committee. F. improve your ethical decision making.

a, b, c, d, e, f

select all that apply. NURSES AS ETHICAL AGENTS include? A. know the difference between right and wrong. B. understand abstract ethical principles. C. apply ethical principles in decision making - weigh alternatives; plan to achieve goals. D. decide and choose freely. E. act according to choice. F. consider value neutrality.

a, b, c, d, e, f

select all that apply. VALUES include: A. belief about the worth of something. B. highly prized ideals, customs, conduct, goals. C. freely chosen. D. learned through observation and experience. E. vary from person to person. F. can change.

a, b, c, d, e, f

select all that apply. WHAT IS AN ETHICAL AGENCY? A. the ability for nurses to base their practice in ethical decision making. B. it means that nurses have choices and are responsible for their actions. C. perceive the difference between right and wrong. D. reason and apply ethical principles to make decisions, weight alternatives, and plan good ways to achieve goals. E. decide and choose freely F. act according to choose - this assumes both the power and the capacity to act.

a, b, c, d, e, f

the right to choose and act on that choice is termed? A. autonomy B. radiation

a.

to do no harm and prevent harm is termed? A. nonmaleficence. b. tylenol

a.

when the patient is uncertain about which course of action to take. this may delay decision making, may show physical signs of distress and may question moral rules, and values, and personal beliefs. this is termed as? A. decisional conflict. B. osmosis.

a.

true or false. ETHICS helps us to decide what is right and wrong and what actions should be taken in certain circumstances, using a set of well defined principles and rules. a. true. b. false.

a. true

true or false. A good compromise - is one that preserves the integrity of all parties. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. AUTONOMY - refers to a persons right to choose and ability to act on that choice. it is based on respect for human dignity. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. As a first step in ethical decision making, use the nursing process approach to describe the problem and alternative approaches. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. BENEFICENCE - is the duty to do or promote good. DO NO HARM, PREVENT HARM WHEN YOU CAN, REMOVE HARM, BRING ABOUT POSITIVE GOOD. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. FIDELITY (faithfulness) - is the duty to keep promises. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. JUSTICE - IS THE obligation to be fair. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. PROFESSIONAL VALUES - such as those identified by the american association of colleges of nursing (AACN). many of these will simply expand your personal values - caring, veracity. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. VALUE NEUTRALITY - means that we attempt to understand our own values regarding an issue and to know when to put them aside, if necessary, to become nonjudgmental when providing care to clients. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. an ETHICAL DILEMMA, is a situation in which a choice is required between 2 equally undesirable actions. there is no clearly right or wrong option. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. codes of ethics set forth ideal behaviors, but they are only as effective as the behaviors of the nurse who live up to the codes. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. the SOCIAL JUSTICE MODEL - focuses more on broad social issues involving the entire institution, rather than on a single client issue. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. the patient benefit model assists in decision making for the incompetent patient by using substituted judgement. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. the principle of NONMALEFICENCE - is the twofold duty to do no harm and prevent harm. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. the total number of values a person has is rather small. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

true or false. your values are entangled in all ethical situations because they influence what you think and do. this is important to know because your values unconsciously influence your moral judgment. a. true. b. false.

a. true.

the nurse knows that a provider with type 1 diabetes became hypoglycemic while performing a bedside thoracentesis. the provider resisted assistance and finished the procedure despite being impaired. the nurse is upset by the provider's behavior. this is an example of nursing ethics. A. true. b. false.

true and false. *this example most directly involves the ethical behavior of the provider, so you might think it is not nursing ethics; however, it could be argued that the nurse has a duty to report impaired nurses and providers.