Chapter 42 mastering bio questions

Which of the following events would be predicted by the Bohr shift effect as the amount of carbon dioxide released from your tissues into the blood capillaries increases? The amount of oxygen in _____. a.) venous blood would decrease b.) arterial blood would decrease c.) arterial blood would increase d.) venous blood would increase

a.) venous blood would decrease

What is the correct order of processes involving the movement of oxygen from the environment to mitochondria in vertebrates? a.) ventilation, circulation, cellular respiration b.) diffusion in tissues, cellular respiration, diffusion at respiratory surface c.) ventilation, diffusion in tissues, circulation d.) circulation, cellular respiration, diffusion in tissues e.) circulation, ventilation, cellular respiration

a.) ventilation, circulation, cellular respiration

There is a strong link between smoking and emphysema - nearly 97% of people with emphysema were heavy smokers at some time in their life. Given that fact, which of the following statements is the most accurate? a.) People with emphysema have stronger nicotine addictions than people without emphysema. b.) Choosing not to smoke will probably decrease your chances of having emphysema. c.) Emphysema must be caused by an additive that tobacco companies have put in cigarettes. d.) This proves that smoking is the only cause of emphysema.

b.) Choosing not to smoke will probably decrease your chances of having emphysema.

Which of the following does NOT correctly represent blood flow through the heart? a.) From the right atrium to the right ventricle b.) From the right ventricle to the left ventricle c.) From the left ventricle to the aorta d.) From the vena cava to the right atrium

b.) From the right ventricle to the left ventricle

Emphysema can lead to larger, pouch-like alveoli. Why is this a problem? a.) Larger alveoli have too much surface area and provide too much oxygen. b.) Larger, pouch-like alveoli translate to less total surface area for transporting oxygen into the bloodstream. c.) It is actually not a problem, since larger alveoli have more surface area. d.) Larger alveoli take up too much room in the chest cavity.

b.) Larger, pouch-like alveoli translate to less total surface area for transporting oxygen into the bloodstream.

The electrical activity of the heart, as recorded in an electrocardiogram (EKG), is most intense during which event of the cardiac cycle? a.) Atrial diastole b.) Ventricular systole c.) Ventricular diastole d.) Atrial systole

b.) Ventricular systole

What type of blood vessels has the slowest velocity of blood flow? a.) arterioles b.) capillaries c.) veins d.) arteries

b.) capillaries

In the study described in the video by Sir Richard Peto, the effects of smoking on one particular group of people captured everyone's attention about the dangers of cigarettes. Who was this group of people? a.) research scientists b.) doctors c.) factory workers d.) politicians e.) lawyers

b.) doctors

Complete the statement correctly. Fetal hemoglobin ________. a.) has a higher affinity for carbon dioxide than does adult hemoglobin b.) has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin c.) binds more carbon dioxide molecules than adult hemoglobin d.) is better able to release carbon dioxide than is adult hemoglobin e.) is better able to release oxygen than is adult hemoglobin

b.) has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the _____. a.) left ventricle b.) left atrium c.) right ventricle d.) right atrium e.) vena cava

b.) left atrium

In the video, Sir Richard Peto says the information that "smoking kills" and "smokers die younger" doesn't provide enough detail. He points out that smoking kills __________, and smokers die __________ younger. a.) 1 person in 100; 6 months b.) 1 person in 10; 5 years c.) 1 person in 2; 10 years d.) 1 person in 50; 2 years

c.) 1 person in 2; 10 years

A person with emphysema usually has less energy and less strength than a healthy person. Why? a.) He or she has to work harder to maintain the increased surface area created by the disease. b.) People who smoke generally do not consume enough food. c.) He or she is not getting enough oxygen to all of the cells in the body. d.) He or she must smoke more cigarettes in order to obtain enough nicotine to maintain his or her energy.

c.) He or she is not getting enough oxygen to all of the cells in the body.

What rare disease suddenly became much more common in the 1950s? a.) emphysema b.) the common cold c.) lung cancer d.) HIV/AIDS e.) the flu

c.) lung cancer

What is the key feature that characterizes emphysema? a.) lungs that work far more efficiently at supplying oxygen to the body b.) more surface area in the lungs c.) much less surface area in the lungs d.) increased clusters of small alveoli

c.) much less surface area in the lungs

As a person goes from rest to full-effort exercise, there is an increase in the _____. a.) residual volume b.) vital capacity c.) tidal volume d.) total lung capacity

c.) tidal volume

Where is the velocity of blood flow the slowest in your body? a.) Aorta b.) Veins c.) Arteries d.) Capillaries

d.) Capillaries

Which of the following reactions prevails in red blood cells traveling through alveolar capillaries? (Hb = hemoglobin) a.) CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 b.) Hb + 4 CO2 → Hb(CO2)4 c.) Hb(O2)4 → Hb + 4 O2 d.) Hb + 4 O2 → Hb(O2)4 e.) H2CO3 → H+ + HCO3

d.) Hb + 4 O2 → Hb(O2)4

Is cardiac arrest, the stopping of the heartbeat, the same as a myocardial infarction (heart attack). a.) Yes. In both cases the patient dies. b.) Yes. In both cases the heart is not beating. c.) Yes. They both can cause the death of heart tissue. d.) No. Myocardial infarction is the loss of blood flow to a region of the heart due to clogged vessels, but this occurs when the heart is beating.

d.) No. Myocardial infarction is the loss of blood flow to a region of the heart due to clogged vessels, but this occurs when the heart is beating.

Why is breathing more difficult at high altitudes, such as at the top of Mount Everest? a.) The lower atmospheric pressure reduces the ability of the body to pump air into the body. b.) Carbon dioxide will not diffuse out of your body at high altitude. c.) At high altitudes, the air only contains nitrogen, so breathing is more difficult. d.) The lower partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere reduces the rate of diffusion of oxygen into your body.

d.) The lower partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere reduces the rate of diffusion of oxygen into your body.

When you are jogging, your muscles are using more oxygen and releasing more carbon dioxide into the blood than when you are at home on the couch. Which of the following would occur during your jog? a.) The volume of the dead air space would decrease. b.) Blood pH would become more basic. c.) The concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the blood would decrease. d.) The medullary respiratory center would detect rising carbon dioxide levels.

d.) The medullary respiratory center would detect rising carbon dioxide levels.

If, during protein starvation, the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds drops below the hydrostatic pressure, then ________. a.) plasma proteins will escape through the endothelium of the capillaries b.) the pH of the interstitial fluid will increase c.) most carbon dioxide will be bound to hemoglobin and carried away from tissues d.) fluids will tend to accumulate in the interstitial fluid and tissues. e.) hemoglobin will not release oxygen

d.) fluids will tend to accumulate in the interstitial fluid and tissues.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals? a.) vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein b.) pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary circuit b.) left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation c.) right atrium → pulmonary artery → left atrium → ventricle d.) vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery

d.) vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery

In which location would you expect the oxygen concentration to be the lowest? a.) the lungs b.) the blood c.) the heart d.) within tissues e.) the environment

d.) within tissues

A significant increase in the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of a human's lungs will cause _____. a.) an increase in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood b.) a decrease in the amount of work needed for effective ventilation of the lungs c.) an increase of pressure that would cause the capillary beds to burst d.) an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the lungs e.) a decrease in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood

e.) a decrease in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by humans is ________. a.) bound to hemoglobin b.) simply dissolved in the plasma c.) bicarbonate ions bound to hemoglobin d.) transported in the erythrocytes as carbonic acid e.) converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme in red blood cells

e.) converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme in red blood cells

Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because ________. a.) a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes b.) the volume of the alveoli increases as smooth muscles contract c.) gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure d.) pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs e.) the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume and decreasing the pressure within the lungs

e.) the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume and decreasing the pressure within the lungs