chapter 43 craven
When a nurse supports the client's spiritual needs, the nurse supports which level of the Maslow's hierarchy of needs? -Physiologic needs -Security needs -Ego needs -Self-actualization needs
Self-actualization needs
The nurse is assisting a patient with his meal selection for the next day. The patient states, "I can't have meat tomorrow, it's a Holy Day." The nurse recognizes that the patient is a member of which religious organization? A)Orthodox Jewish B)Reform Jewish C)Roman Catholic D)Islamic
roman catholic
A college foreign exchange student is living with a family in England and is confused about the daily Catholic prayers and rituals of the family. The student longs for the comfort of her fundamentalist Protestant practices and reports to the campus nurse for direction. The nurse recognizes the student is experiencing which type of spiritual distress? -Spiritual guilt -Spiritual anger -Spiritual alienation -Spiritual loss
spiritual alienation
A new client is on the hospital unit. He was recently diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer and was told that any treatment would be palliative. He tells a nurse that there is no God that he knows of who would subject someone to this. The client's statement is most reflective of: - spiritual crisis. - change in beliefs. -separation from spiritual ties. -depression.
spiritual crisis
A new client is on the hospital unit. He was recently diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer and was told that any treatment would be palliative. He tells a nurse that there is no God that he knows of who would subject someone to this. The client's statement is most reflective of: - spiritual crisis. -change in beliefs. - separation from spiritual ties. -depression.
spiritual crisis
A new client is on the hospital unit. He was recently diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer and was told that any treatment would be palliative. He tells a nurse that there is no God that he knows of who would subject someone to this. The client's statement is most reflective of: -change in beliefs. -separation from spiritual ties. -depression. -spiritual crisis.
spiritual crisis
A client states that his life has meaning and purpose, he feels loved, and has experienced forgiveness in his life. What is the term that describes this state of spirituality? -Spiritual belief -Spiritual alienation -Spiritual health -Spiritual bliss
spiritual health
According to Shelly and Fish, which of the following is a spiritual need underlying all religious traditions? -need for formal ceremony -need for power in relationship with God -need for justice - need for meaning and purpose
need for meaning and purpose
A nurse is completing a spiritual assessment of a client using the FICA assessment tool. Which question would the nurse most likely ask first? -"How often do you attend worship services?" -"Do your beliefs influence your health care practices?" - "Do you consider yourself a spiritual person?" -"Are you actively involved with a church community?"
"Do you consider yourself a spiritual person?"
After assessing a client's spirituality, a nurse determines that the client is experiencing difficulty in the area of forgiveness. Which client statement would the nurse identify to support this conclusion? Select all that apply. - "Like everyone, I've been hurt at different times in my life." -"I think God is judgmental." -"It's all my fault that I'm sick now." - "My illness is God punishing me for not believing." -"I"m worried about being separated from my family."
"I think God is judgmental." "It's all my fault that I'm sick now." "My illness is God punishing me for not believing."
A nurse is conducting a spiritual assessment on a client recently admitted to the hospital unit. Which questions would be appropriate to ask the client about his religious and spiritual practices? Select all that apply. -"Is religion a significant part of your life?" - "Are there any spiritual practices that you would like to continue while hospitalized?" - "You would like the priest to come and visit you, right?" - "Does the present situation interfere with any spiritual or religious practice?"
"Is religion a significant part of your life?" "Are there any spiritual practices that you would like to continue while hospitalized?" "Does the present situation interfere with any spiritual or religious practice?"
When conducting a spiritual assessment, the nurse must be sensitive to the client's personal beliefs. Which questions should the nurse ask? Select all that apply. - "Is religion or God significant to you?" -"Why do you still not believe in God?" -"Do you feel your faith is helpful to you?" - "Why can't you share your feelings with me? I am your nurse." - "Is there anyone from your church you would like to talk to?"
"Is religion or God significant to you?" "Do you feel your faith is helpful to you?" "Is there anyone from your church you would like to talk to?"
A recently graduated nurse is talking to the charge nurse about spirituality and tells the charge nurse that it is difficult to understand why people have a hard time giving spiritual care to clients. The charge nurse identifies the new nurse's lack of understanding when the new nurse makes which statement? - "Spirituality and religion have distinctions." -"Spirituality is anything that pertains to a person's relationship with a higher power." -"Spirituality and religion are the same thing." -"Spirituality and faith are the same thing."
"Spirituality and religion are the same thing."
A nurse is caring for a client who claims to be spiritual but is addicted to drugs. Which factors contribute to the spiritual health of a client? Select all that apply. -Appropriate religious education -Adaptable belief system -Sense of being powerful -Firm spiritual identity -Sound economic status
Appropriate religious education Adaptable belief system Firm spiritual identity
Members of which religious tradition are likely to have the most stringent restrictions and parameters placed on their medical care? -Buddhism -Hinduism -Protestantism -Christian Scientist
Christian Scientist
The nurse is caring for a client today who asks to have the coffee removed from his tray. The client informs the nurse that his religion precludes the intake of caffeine. The nurse is aware that religions often guide daily living habits in which ways? Choose all that apply. -Diet -Medical treatments -Clothing -Cognition -Relationships
Diet Medical treatments Clothing Relationships
FICA
Faith or Beliefs Importance or influence Community Address
How can religious, life-affirming influences be compared with basic human needs? - Life-affirming influences enhance life. -Life-affirming influences meet basic physiologic needs. - Life-affirming influences cultivate wisdom. - Life-affirming influences encourage self-actualization.
Life-affirming influences encourage self-actualization.
A nurse is conducting online research for information related to spritiual needs and religious traditions. The nurse demonstrates understanding of the information by identifying which need as common to all? Select all that apply. -Love -Meaning -Punishment -Ritual -Forgiveness
Love Meaning Forgiveness
The nurse's client today is Robert, who is hospitalized for a cystectomy related to bladder cancer. He reveals that he feels some spiritual distress without getting into specifics. Which of the following is the appropriate priority action? -Consult pastoral services. -Offer to pray with the client. - Perform a spiritual assessment. - Do nothing; the nurse is agnostic.
Perform a spiritual assessment.
The nursing diagnosis Spiritual Distress related to crisis of illness as evidenced by loss of meaning in life and overuse of pain medication is created for a client who attempted to take his life. Which intervention is appropriate for these problems? -Provide client education on negative spiritual implications on suicide. -Encourage the client to watch movies when alone. -Explore past negative coping mechanisms used. -Plan and coordinate a multidisciplinary team conference including the chaplain
Plan and coordinate a multidisciplinary team conference including the chaplain.
The client was told of a terminal illness and has been questioning his faith. A spiritual counselor will be visiting the client following a referral. What interventions would the nurse perform to provide an environment that is conducive for both the client and the spiritual counselor? Select all that apply. -Provide privacy for the client from visitors during the visit from the spiritual counselor -Stay in the room with the spiritual counselor for assistance if needed -Place a chair facing the client next to the bed -Clean clutter and unnecessary items from the bedside table -Close the door to the client's room after the spiritual counselor has arrived
Provide privacy for the client from visitors during the visit from the spiritual counselor Place a chair facing the client next to the bed Clean clutter and unnecessary items from the bedside table Close the door to the client's room after the spiritual counselor has arrived
The client was told of a terminal illness and has been questioning his faith. A spiritual counselor will be visiting the client following a referral. What interventions would the nurse perform to provide an environment that is conducive for both the client and the spiritual counselor? Select all that apply. -Provide privacy for the client from visitors during the visit from the spiritual counselor -Stay in the room with the spiritual counselor for assistance if needed -Place a chair facing the client next to the bed -Clean clutter and unnecessary items from the bedside table -Close the door to the client's room after the spiritual counselor has arrived
Provide privacy for the client from visitors during the visit from the spiritual counselor Place a chair facing the client next to the bed Clean clutter and unnecessary items from the bedside table Close the door to the client's room after the spiritual counselor has arrived
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client. Which intervention can the nurse use to help the client continue normal spiritual practices? -Discuss the nurse's own religious beliefs with the client. -Tell the client that spiritual practices can be resumed later. - Request dietary consultation for the client's dietary restrictions. -Request medication from the physician to calm the client.
Request dietary consultation for the client's dietary restrictions.
The family members of a dying client have asked for the hospital chaplain's help in having a member of the clergy come to the client's bedside to perform the anointing of the sick. The nurse who is providing care for the client should recognize that the family is likely which religion? -Christian Scientist - Jehovah's Witnesses - Jewish -Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic
Allen is an 82-year-old retiree who recently relocated to senior apartments. The apartments are not affiliated with any religious beliefs. Allen was raised in the Roman Catholic church and has attended mass every Sunday since childhood. He has not attended mass for 3 weeks. What best describes Allen's situation? -Change in beliefs -Spiritual crisis - Separation from spiritual ties -Depression
Separation from spiritual ties
The nurse receives a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order for a dying client. What should the nurse do next? - Assess the client's spiritual needs - Inform the client that a priest will be in to see her very soon. -Avoid talking about suicide and its effects. - Inform the family that this order does not keep the nurse from doing her job.
assess the clients spiritual needs
The nurse understands that spiritual care is dynamic and embodies some of the basic tenets of nursing. What is a factor supporting this concept? Select all that apply. -Therapeutic use of self - Client centeredness -Spiritual nurturing environment -Family support -Nurse's availability for the client
Therapeutic use of self Client centeredness Spiritual nurturing environment Nurse's availability for the client
2. The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago. The patient states that her "relationship with God" has helped her survive this long. The nurse understands that spiritual well-being is a condition in which a person is at peace with which of the following? Select all that apply. A)God B)Self C)Community D)Environment
god self community environment
A client scheduled for complex heart surgery has been reading the Bible for hours each day, cries often, and is not sleeping well. What might these observations cue the nurse about the client? -These behaviors are expected before major surgery. -These behaviors are signs of spiritual distress. -Family members live far away and the client is lonely. - The client is naturally emotional and reactive.
These behaviors are signs of spiritual distress.
A nurse is caring for a client who practices Daoism. Which religious beliefs would the nurse keep in mind when planning care for this client? Select all that apply. -Allah, who is all-seeing, all-hearing, all-speaking, all-knowing, all-willing, and all-powerful, is their one God. -They oppose the "false teachings" of other sects. -They worship one God revealed to the world through Jesus Christ. -They believe that health is a manifestation of the harmony of the universe, obtained through the proper balancing of internal and external forces. -The universal principle is the mysterious biologic and spiritual life rhythm or order of nature. -Inherent in Daoism is knowing and living a natural life is the secret of health and sagehood
They believe that health is a manifestation of the harmony of the universe, obtained through the proper balancing of internal and external forces. The universal principle is the mysterious biologic and spiritual life rhythm or order of nature. Inherent in Daoism is knowing and living a natural life is the secret of health and sagehood
A client recently diagnosed with cancer informs the nurse that they value faith and finds comfort in their faith. The nurse is aware that faith is best defined as: -a belief in something for which there is no proof or material evidence. -a positive outlook even in the bleakest moments. -an organized belief system about a higher power. - practices associated with all aspects of a person's life.
a belief in something for which there is no proof or material evidence.
The nurse is caring for a patient who states, "No one can understand God." The nurse would document the patient's spiritual belief as which of the following? A) Atheist B) Agnostic C) Theist D)Holistic
agnostic
A nurse is caring for a client who is upset after being told about a diagnosis of cancer. The client asks the nurse to take a minute to pray, but the nurse is not a very religious person. What is the best action for this nurse? - Tell the client that there are medications to be passed and maybe later. -Agree to pray with the client and stand in silence by the bed. -Inform the client that someone else of the same religion would be better to pray with the client. - Tell the client that praying will not help the cancer go away.
agree to pray with the client and stand in silence by the bed
Which group of terms best defines spiritual distress? -Spirituality, religion -Alienation, despair -Faith, prayer -Forgiveness, purpose
alienation, despair
The client is a minor child who was involved in an accident. The child is now on a pediatric unit. The health care provider has prescribed the client to receive 2 units of packed red blood cells due to a low hemoglobin and hematocrit. The nurse needs to obtain consent from a parent to initiate the blood therapy. The client's religion is Jehovah's Witnesses. What is the nurse's first action? -Notify the health care provider that the client is a member of -Jehovah's Witnesses. -Administer the blood without obtaining consent. -Ask the parent to consent for administration of the blood. -Contact the ethics board at the clinical agency about this situation.
ask the parent to consent for administration of the blood
Which of the following health care practices may be influenced by a young woman's religion? -Yearly mammograms -Annual physicals -Birth-control measures -Health assessments
birth control measures
The nurse is differentiating beliefs of atheists from agnostics. Which statement is accurate? - Both deny the existence of God. -Nurses offer religious counseling to change the beliefs of both groups. - Both are guided by a philosophy of living that does not include a religious faith. -Both have religious influences that are life denying.
both are guided by a philosophy of living that does not include a religious faith
Which of the following food groups would be appropriate to suggest to a patient who practices tenets of the Islamic faith? A)Salad with crumbled bacon and cheese with a cup of tea B)Barbecued pork sandwich with a milkshake C)Sliced ham and cheese sandwich and 2% milk D)Broiled chicken sandwich with skimmed milk
broiled chicken sandwich with skimmed milk
An 80-year-old woman does not believe certain religions should allow gay marriage. However, her grandchildren support this view. The grandmother is experiencing A)Moral dilemma B)Conjunctive faith C)Value clarification D)Unethical behavior.
conjunctive faith
What factor is necessary to express and experience spirituality? -quiet time in isolation from others -membership in an organized religion -long-term suffering and pain -connectedness with other people
connectedness with other people
The nurse is caring for a Roman Catholic patient who is dying. Which of the following would be an appropriate action of the nurse? A)Contact a local priest to complete the anointing of the sick ritual. B)Contact a local priest to provide special care to the body after death. C)After death, place the patient's body on the floor to facilitate the soul's journey. D)Ensure that a person of the same sex as the deceased clean the body.
contact a local priest to complete the anointing of the sick ritual
The son of a dying female client is surprised at his mother's adamant request to meet with the hospital chaplain and has taken the nurse aside and said, "I don't think that's what she really wants. She's never been a religious person in the least." What is the nurse's best action in this situation? - Perform a detailed spiritual assessment of the client. -Organize a meeting between the chaplain, the son, and the client to achieve a resolution. -Document the client's request and wait to see if the client reiterates the request. -Contact the chaplain to arrange a visit with the client.
contact the chaplain to arrange a visit with the client
It is a religious holy day. The hospitalized client is withdrawn, occasionally tearful, and requests a minister to see him. Family is at the bedside. What action would the nurse take to address the client's spiritual distress on this day? -Encourage the family to talk to the client. -Contact the chaplain to request to see the client today. - Provide religious material for the client to read. -Ask the client, "Can we pray together?"
contact the chaplain to request to see the client today
Which statement about religion and spirituality is most accurate? -Religion and spirituality are synonymous. -Spirituality is the behavioral manifestation of religious beliefs. -Spirituality is a recently developed alternative to traditional religious belief. -Religion is an organized system of spiritual beliefs and practices.
religion is an organized system of spiritual beliefs and practices
A nurse is caring for a 55-year-old man found unconscious at a construction site. He has not regained consciousness in 6 days and is on full life support. His wife and children are present at his bedside. The family members are practicing Orthodox Jews. Based on this information, how would the nurse expect the family to respond to a discussion regarding the client's care? -The family will plan to withdraw support in the next few days. -The family will do whatever is necessary to continue life support. -Continued life support is appropriate as long as the measures are not heroic. -The Orthodox Jewish faith does not speak to the use of life support.
continued life support is appropriate as long as the measures are not heroic
When a nurse asks himself or herself questions such as "Why am I here?," the nurse is attempting to A)Develop the concepts of holism and integration B)Become a more spiritual being for other people C)Develop a philosophical base for clearer thinking D)Strive toward unity with the higher power
develop a philosophical base for clearer thinking
Using the FICA spiritual assessment tool, which would be an appropriate question for the C? A)"Do you consider yourself a spiritual person?" B)"Do you attend a specific church?" C)"How do these concerns effect your health?" D)"Can I discuss your concerns with your family?"
do you attend a specific church?
Which of the following questions would be appropriate for the F in the FICA spiritual assessment tool? A)"Do you consider yourself a spiritual person?" B)"Are you actively involved with a church community? C)"Do you use your church family for support? D)"How would you like me to address this issue in your healthcare?"
do you consider yourself a spiritual person
A question that would be appropriate for the E in the HOPE spiritual assessment tool would be? A)"Do you have a living will?" B)"Do you want to experience a Catholic mass?" C)"Do you expect to go to heaven when you die?" D)"Do you want to end your drug addiction?"
do you have a living will
The parents of three children ages 4, 7, and 11 years are interested in fostering spiritual development in their children. The nurse informs the parents that the development of a child's spirituality is best accomplished by: -educating the child about religion. -educating the child about God. -educating through parental behaviors. -educating through religious-based schools.
educating through parental behaviors.
A nurse is preparing a client's room to accommodate a visit from a spiritual counselor. Which of the following is a recommended practice? -Dim or turn off the lights. -Place a candle on the bedside table. -Remove any unnecessary equipment. -Place a cross on the bedside table.
remove any unnecessary equipment
A nurse is caring for an infant who requires a treatment procedure. What would be most important for the nurse to do to help support the infant's spiritual needs? -Ask a child specialist to be present during the treatment. - Tell the infant that it will be over within a minute. - Encourage parents to be present during the treatment. - Provide the infant with soft toys or a feeding bottle.
encourage parents to be present during the treatment
The nurse is caring for Mr. Z., a 55-year-old man admitted to the hospital for liver failure. He is an active member in the Latter-Day Saints (Mormon) church. Mr. Z. tells the nurse that he strictly adheres to the religious practices that are condoned by the church. However, the nurse overhears two of his physicians discussing that Mr. Z.'s liver failure is likely due to chronic alcohol use. The nurse suspects that they are wrong. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing activity? -Know that the physicians are wrong; the Mormon faith does not permit alcohol use. -Engage Mr. Z. in a discussion about past and present religious practices. -Accuse Mr. Z. of lying and find out why he lied. -Order several laboratory tests looking for genetic defects that affect the liver.
engage Mr. Z. in discussion about past and present religious practices
When discussing spirituality with the mother of an 8-year-old child, the nurse instructs the mother that children of this age A)Enjoy lore and legends of religious groups B)Are influenced by their peer groups C)Are moved deeply by spirituality D)May question religious authority
enjoy lore and legends of religious groups
The nurse is caring for a dying male patient who is Islamic. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse after the patient's death? A)Ensure that a male washes the patient's body. B)Place the body on the floor to facilitate the soul's journey. C)Ensure that no one is in the room when the patient dies. D)Ensure that someone performs the anointing of the sick sacrament prior to the patient's death.
ensure that a male washes the patients body
The best definition of a spiritual need is A)Universal belief in truth, justice, and compassion B)Expression of a person's inner being and meaning C)A quest to discover life's meaning D)An affirmation of life, peace, and harmony
expression of a persons inner being and meaning
A nurse overhears a client telling a family member that a belief in God is the only thing helping in the fight against a terminal illness. What is this client demonstrating? -Faith - Hope - Love -Religion
faith
A nurse overhears a client telling a family member that a belief in God is the only thing helping in the fight against a terminal illness. What is this client demonstrating? -Faith - Hope -Love -Religion
faith
The client states "I have lifted my cancer to God and am accepting of God's plan for me." This is an example of an adaptive expression of spiritual needs labeled: -trust. -forgiveness. -love and relatedness. - faith.
faith
A nurse has developed a plan of care to meet the needs of a client with the nursing diagnosis of Spiritual Distress. What would be an expected outcome? -Identify factors in life that challenge spiritual beliefs. -Attend church services on a weekly basis. -Share feelings about religion with other health care providers. -Commit to reading passages from the Bible daily.
identify factors in life that challenge spiritual beliefs
The nurse is caring for a patient who is recovering from a suicide attempt. Which of the following nursing interventions would be inappropriate for this patient? A)Utilize active listening techniques. B)Allow for expression of negative feelings. C)Implement all-new coping mechanisms. D)Include the patient's family and friends.
implement all-new coping mechanisms
To help the nurse identify possible coping responses in clients, what would be most important for the nurse to understand about spirituality? - It increases with illness. -It decreases with age. - It stays the same throughout life. -It varies in different situations.
it varies in different situations
When a 76-year-old patient diagnosed with terminal cancer expresses hopelessness and despair to the nurse, the nurse should A)Notify the physician B)Contact the religious leader at his church C)Encourage him to think positively D)Listen empathetically and attentively
listen empathetically and attentively
What spiritual need is believed to underlie all religious traditions and is common to all people? - Physical hygiene - Religious education -Love and relatedness -Church services
love and relatedness
Which set of terms best reflects nursing's view of clients as holistic beings? -physical, psychosocial, religious -mind, body, spirit -id, ego, superego -spiritual, egocentric, naive
mind, body, spirit
The nurse is caring for a client who asks that his special undergarments not be removed for an upcoming procedure. The nurse is aware that these undergarments are related to the client's religion. This religion is: -Mormon. -Christian Scientist. -Adventist. -Muslim.
mormon
Mrs Jones is an 81-year-old client who can no longer live alone safely and is being admitted to a long-term-care facility. She had to leave her elderly cat, Baby, with neighbors. She tells the nurse that her cat was the only family she had and that she misses her. The nurse knows that this is related to which of the following spiritual needs believed to be common to all people? -need for meaning and purpose - need for love and relatedness -need for basic necessities of life - need for forgiveness
need for love and relatedness
A nurse is educating staff members about the importance of meeting the spiritual needs of clients on the unit. What spiritual needs should be met in the delivery of care? Select all that apply. -need for meaning and purpose -need for love and relatedness -need for comfort and money -need for forgiveness -need for complete health and freedom
need for meaning and purpose need for love and relatedness need for forgiveness
The nurse is preparing to complete a spiritual assessment of a patient. What step should the nurse complete first? A)Perform a self-assessment of their own spiritual beliefs B)Provide for privacy during the assessment C)Determine if the patient would like any family members present during the assessment D)Gather the needed paperwork for the assessment
perform a self-assessment of their own spiritual beliefs
The nursing diagnosis Spiritual Distress related to crisis of illness as evidenced by loss of meaning in life and overuse of pain medication is created for a client who attempted to take his life. Which intervention is appropriate for these problems? - Provide client education on negative spiritual implications on suicide. - Plan and coordinate a multidisciplinary team conference including the chaplain. -Encourage the client to watch movies when alone. - Explore past negative coping mechanisms used.
plan and coordinate a multidisciplinary team conference including the chaplain.
A nurse is providing care to a terminally ill client and family. The family practices Buddhism. When preparing the client and family for death, which action would be most important for the nurse to integrate into the plan of care? -ensuring the client has been anointed before death -anticipating that family will want to place the body on the floor after death -supporting the belief that death is temporary and needed for rebirth -assisting with measures to allow preparation for cremation
supporting the belief that death is temporary and needed for rebirth
When preparing for a spiritual counselor to visit a hospitalized client, the nurse should: -take measures to ensure privacy during the counselor's visit. - ask the spiritual counselor to summarize the visit in the client's medical record. - ask to be present during the visit in order to explain any medical information or answer questions about the client's care. -ensure that the counselor is approved by the hospital administration.
take measures to ensure privacy during the counselors visit
Upon assessment, the client reports that they do not belong to an organized religion. The nurse is correct to interpret this statement as: -the client is not affiliated with a specific system of belief regarding a higher power. - the client's spiritual needs are met. -the client will experience conflicts between religious beliefs and health care options. - the client will not request to see the hospital chaplain or seek spiritual counseling.
the client is not affiliated with a specific system of belief regarding a higher power.
Mr. J. is a 78-year-old man, who is actively dying of unknown causes. Mr. J. is a practicing Muslim. His wife, children, and grandchildren are present. The physician in charge of Mr. J.'s care plans to discuss Mr. J.'s impending death with the family. Based on the nurse's knowledge of the Muslim faith, which of the following is not true? -The body is washed and cared for by the family. - The family will likely want an autopsy. - The family will want to read from the Koran at the time of death. -Organ donation is generally not permitted.
the family will likely want an autopsy
A dying client requests that the nurse pray with him. The nurse is not accustomed to praying aloud but is comfortable praying silently. What is the best approach for this nurse to follow to pray with this client? -The nurse should select a formal prayer or Bible passage to use to pray aloud. -The nurse should defer the client's request to pray. -The nurse should inform the client that she will pray for the client but not with him. -The nurse should ask the client's roommate to pray with the client.
the nurse should select a formal prayer or Bible passage to use to pray aloud.
When the patient tells the nurse that she believes God's reality is personal, and that God is the creator of all beings, the nurse determines the patient is expressing A)Faith B)Agnosticism C)Atheism D)Theism
theism
