Chapter 44

________ is (are) an instrument that is used for quadrant streaking to isolate pathogenic colonies of organisms from normal flora in a culture grown in a Petri dish.

A wire inoculating loop

________ are bacteria that die in the presence of oxygen.

Anaerobes

Which of these specimens would a medical assistant NOT collect?

Cerebrospinal fluid

Sputum is the mucous substance expelled by ________.

coughing or clearing the bronchi

One step of the ________ method for preparing a specimen for microscopic examination involves passing the clear underneath part of the slide through an open flame or flooding the slide with methanol and letting it dry.

direct smear

A specimen of ________ contains wound drainage material made of serum, white blood cells, and fibrin, and may be collected in a Culturette unit.

exudate

Fecal specimens collected by the medical assistant must be free of all these, EXCEPT ________.

fat

Bacilli are responsible for a wide variety of illnesses including enteritis, also known as ________.

food poisoning

Diplococci ________.

form pairs of cells

After using a sterile swab to obtain a specimen from a wound, the medical assistant should NEXT ________.

select the proper container for collection

The test that checks for the susceptibility of a pathogen to specific antibiotics is ________.

sensitivity testing

The ________ is (are) a common site of infection by Staphylococcus aureus.

skin

Today, because of increased reliance on treatment with antibiotics to treat low-level infections, various microorganisms are mutating to resist treatment, producing all of the following, EXCEPT ________.

smallpox virus

A ________ is a thin layer of microorganisms spread on a glass slide for identification purposes.

smear

A(n) ________ is a thick-walled reproductive cell produced by some organisms that is capable of withstanding unfavorable environmental conditions.

spore

The tests for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori require collecting all of these specimens, EXCEPT ________.

sputum

After Gram staining, a Gram-positive bacterium retains the ________ color of the stain used in the staining of the microorganism.

violet

A ________ preparation involves taking a specimen, placing it on a slide, and adding a drop of sterile normal saline and a cover so the physician can observe the motility of microbes.

wet mount

________ are rod-shaped bacteria that are the causative agent of diphtheria.

Bacilli

________ are small, unicellular microorganisms that are capable of rapid reproduction.

Bacteria

Sequela, or long-lasting effects of Lyme disease may be all, EXCEPT________.

Bell's palsy

________ is a severe, possibly fatal form of food poisoning caused by the powerful neurotoxin produced by the anaerobe Clostridium botulinum.

Botulism

________ is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that must invade living cells to reproduce, and it may be a silent inhabitant of the vagina or cause mild burning sensations and discharge.

Chlamydia trachomatis

The ________ is a disposable, clear plastic tube that contains a sterile cotton-tipped applicator swab and a sealed plastic vial of medium.

Culturette TM system

________ is the causative agent of urinary tract infection.

Escherichia coli

________ are responsible for the whip-like movements of the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis seen on wet mount slides under a microscope.

Flagella

Which of these conditions or diseases is caused by a virus?

Genital herpes

Which of these diseases or conditions is caused by a parasite?

Malaria

________ bacteria cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Rickettsia

________ is the study of antigen and antibody reactions of the body's immune system.

Serology

________ are curved or spiral rods that can be arranged singly or in strands.

Spirilla

________ forms grapelike clusters of pus-producing organisms and is the causative agent of boils, pimples, acne, and osteomyelitis.

Staphylococci

A common cause of nosocomial infections is ________.

Staphylococcus aureus

________ are round, gram-positive bacteria arranged in chains, some of which are non-pathogenic, whereas others are dangerous to humans.

Streptococci

The causative agent of athlete's foot is ________.

Tinea pedi

The causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease syphilis is the spirochete ________.

Treponema pallidum

The causative agent of chickenpox is ________.

Varicella zoster virus

Which of these is caused by a virus?

Warts

Which of these is caused by a fungus?

Yeast infection

_The medical assistant may be asked to perform a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-waived Group A Strep Screen test, which produces ________, a clumping of cells.

agglutination

Clostridium tetani produces ________.

an extremely toxic neurotoxi

A basic rule of specimen collection is that specimens should be collected ________.

before beginning antibiotic treatment

A transparent ring around a colony of Streptococci in a culture medium that contains blood is the result of ________.

hemolysis

A microbiologist grows and observes a culture for the ultimate purpose of ________.

identification and diagnosis

When growing cultures, the agar is ________ to separate pathogenic colonies of organisms from colonies of normal flora.

inoculated

The study of fungi is known as ________.

mycology

S. pyogenes is responsible for ________, a severe infection due to destruction of subcutaneous tissue that has a 30 percent mortality rate.

necrotizing fasciitis

It was discovered that H. pylori is the causative agent of ________ and a risk factor in gastric malignancy in some infected persons.

peptic ulcers

The collection of specimens of the parasite Enterobius vermicularis is done using a ________.

piece of sticky tape