Chapter 5
45. Data (like Year-to-date totals) that come from a data store and are used in a process (like 'Calculate YTD Totals') and then the updated amounts are written back to the data store - can be drawn on a DFD model as a two-headed arrow.
f
47. The data stores on the DFD correspond to Major Steps Performed on a use case.
f
51. Data flows are named with verb phrases (like 'Move Payroll Information to Payroll Database').
f
57. The level 0 diagram shows all the major processes (at the first level of numbering - like 1 through 4), the data stores, data flows, but does not show external entities.
f
61. It is possible to decompose level 1 processes even farther, so for example, process 2.1 on a Level 1 DFD might become 2.1A, 2.1B, 2.1C, etc.
f
63. A 'black hole' error on a DFD is when a process creates output without an input.
f
64. Data cannot go from one process to another process without going to a data store first.
f
66. Structured English uses complete sentences to describe the work that a process performs in a system.
f
68. Iterations are not used in good DFD design.
f
35. The normal order of processes would be: requirements gathering, use case development, process modeling (data flow diagrams).
t
38. Process models can be used with either 'as-is' systems or 'to-be' systems.
t
39. Data flow diagramming is a tool for doing process modeling
t
46. A well-constructed use case makes developing a data flow diagram fairly straightforward.
t
48. Every process on a DFD must have at least one input data flow.
t
49. Every process has a unique identification number, a name, and a description.
t
54. Many business processes are too complex to be explained in one DFD.
t
50. Processes should be named with a verb and ending with a noun (like Calculate Sales Tax).
t
52. Data stores are named with nouns and have an identification number and description.
t
53. External entities are a person, organization, or system that is external to the system, but interacts with it.
t
55. One important principal in process modeling with DFD's is the decomposition on the business processes into a series of DFD's.
t
56. Context diagrams show the entire system in context with the environment (like external entities).
t
58. The purpose of the Level 0 DFD is to show all the major high-level processes of the system and how they are interrelated.
t
59. In general, all process models will have as many level 1 diagrams as there are processes on the level 0 diagram.
t
60. Children processes collectively make up the parent process.
t
65. Project teams usually use process modeling tools or CASE tools to draw process models.
t
67. While there is no one right way to begin, the authors have found it useful to first build the context diagram showing all the external entities to the system.
t
A repository for data in DFDs is called a 'data store'
t
the second law of conservation of data states: "Processes cannot consume or create data".
t
10. The relationship between use cases and data flow diagrams is: a) Data flow diagrams start with information in the use cases and the requirements. The set of DFDs that make up the process model simply integrates the individual use cases. b) Both are tools in a systems analysts toolbox, although they do unrelated things c) Use cases are developed by users exclusively; while DFD's are developed by analysts exclusively d) Use cases come out of JAD sessions and clarify what was discussed by users in those sessions; DFD's come out of analysts interviews. e) They are the same thing - use cases are process models using the DeMarco and Yourdon notation; and DFD's are process models using the Gane and Sarson notation.
a
12. Ruth is an analyst. On her DFD diagram she has just placed a process. She will a) Give it a verb phrase name, like 'search inventory' b) Give it a noun description phrase, like 'Inventory-process-1' c) Give it only a number - and depending on whether it is a major process (a whole number) or a subsidiary process (a whole number with a decimal point and value - like 1.3) d) Give it a sentence name, like 'Customer arrives at checkout counter' e) Use whatever process she feels comfortable with - as long as she is consistent
a
13. Which Data Flow Diagram shows the entire system with its environment with only one process? a) Context Diagram b) Level 0 diagrams c) Level 1 diagrams d) Level 2 diagrams e) All DFDs show this
a
14. Which Data Flow Diagram does not have data stores? a) Context diagram b) Level 0 diagram c) Level 1 diagrams d) Level 2 diagrams e) Process Diagram
a
15. On your level 0 diagram you have a process #2 and when you create a level 1 diagram for process #2, you might have processes like: a) 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 b) 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 c) 2A, 2B, 2C d) 2-A, 2-B, 2-C e) 2-initial, 2-main, 2-end
a
19. Vanessa has a data flow diagram with an item called 'Register for Class'. That item would be: a) A process b) A data flow c) A data store d) An external entity e) A process relationship
a
20. Andre has a diagram that shows only one process and external entities. He is developing a: a) Context diagram b) Use case diagram c) Level 0 diagram d) Level 1 diagram e) Level 2 diagram
a
24. A process is: a) An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single piece of data within a system c) A collection of data within a system d) A person, organization or system that is external to the system e) A combination of function and the data it acts upon
a
29. Chunxia is balancing her DFD. This means she is: a) Making sure that all information presented at one level is accurately represented in the next level b) Making sure that each data store has at least one input data flow and at least one output data flow c) Making sure that each process has at least one input data flow and at least one output data flow d) Making sure that all processes start with action verb phrases e) Making sure that all data flows have noun names
a
32. Thomas is trying to change his Use Case into a Data Flow Diagram. He has found that a use case step generally is the same as a ________ on the Level 1 Data flow diagram. a) Process b) External Entity c) Data flow d) Internal Entity e) Data store
a
34. Ramesh has drawn a set of DFD's that are not properly balanced. This is probably a: a) Syntax error b) Semantic error c) Modeling error d) First law of conservation of data error e) Second law of conservation of data error
a
4. Logical process models are: a) Models that describe processes without suggesting how they are conducted b) Coded logic models c) Models based upon implementing the if-then-else programming structure d) Developed by the infrastructure analyst e) Created in the system walkthough
a
5. Processes in data flow diagramming are represented by: a) Rounded rectangles b) Arrows c) Rectangles that is open on the right end d) Enclosed rectangles e) Circles
a
25. A data flow is: a) An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single fact c) A collection of data within a system d) A person, organization or system that is external to the system e) A combination of function and the data it acts upon
b
33. Which of the following would be a 'black hole' error on a DFD? a) A process has no input b) A process has no output c) A process has four inputs and only three outputs d) Data moves directly from a data store from an external entity e) Two processes send data flows to the same data store
b
7. A data flow is: a) An activity or a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single fact c) A collection of entities d) A trigger to a use case e) A person, organization or system outside of the system
b
11. Andrea is creating a diagram model for processes (without regard to whether it is computerized or a manual process). She is probably creating _______________. a) A physical process model b) A PMT (process management tool) model c) A logical process model d) A user process model e) A UML system case model
c
16. A payroll data flow diagram has a data store called Accumulated Salary Data. At one stage in the DFD, a process "Calculate YTD-Taxes" gets data from that data store, updates it in the process, and writes it back out. The diagram should show: a) A single line with arrows on both ends labeled YTD Payroll Details b) A dashed line with arrows on both ends labeled YTD Payroll Details c) A line out of the data store labeled: Current YTD Payroll Details; and a line into the data store labeled: Updated YTD Payroll Details d) Two separate data flow lines but each with the same name YTD Payroll Details e) Two dashed lines but each with the same name of YTD Payroll Details
c
2. A process model can __________: a) Only document the as-is system b) Only document the to-be system c) Document both the as-is and the to-be system d) Only be used in BPR situations e) Only be used with JAD sessions
c
21. What diagram will have processes with one decimal place (like 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) and might have flows coming in (or going out) that are not illustrated? a) Context diagram b) Level 0 diagram c) Level 1 diagram d) UML state diagram e) Level 0 diagram
c
26. Carlos has a Level 0 DFD diagram where one of the external entities is the "Internal Revenue Service" - and he has a data store called "Tax Rate Table". He has drawn a data flow arrow from the Internal Revenue Service to the data store as the data has been loaded into the Tax Rate Table prior to the processing. What would be true? a) This is correct b) This is incorrect, 'data at rest stays at rest until moved by a process' so he needs a process (like 'load Tax Rate Table') first in this system c) This is incorrect - he doesn't need a data flow as the data was loaded into the Tax Rate Table someplace else (within the payroll system someplace, but not in this process) d) This is almost correct. The correct diagram would be a dashed line indicating that the loading of the data was implied prior to the start of this process e) This is incorrect. What should happen is an 'external process' should be called at the start of the process - like "Call IRS for data load"
c
28. Which of the following is NOT correct? a) Every set of DFD's must have one context diagram b) Every process is wholly and completely described by the processes on its children DFD's c) Every process must be broken down farther on Level 1 and Level 2 diagrams d) Every data store has at least one input data flow someplace in the entire DFD system e) Every process has a unique name that is an action oriented verb phrase
c
30. Data flow diagrams are: a) Usually created by users and reviewed by analysts b) Usually jointly created by analysts and users c) Usually created by the project team and reviewed by users for correctness d) Usually created by the project champion and reviewed by the project team e) Usually created by business analyst and reviewed by the infrastructure analyst
c
31. Which would be the normal order of tasks? a) Requirements gathering, creating DFDs, creating use cases b) Creating use cases; creating DFD, holding JAD sessions c) Interviewing and/or JAD sessions; creating use cases; creating data flow diagrams d) Doing BPR, analyzing documents, creating DFDs, creating use cases e) Doing activity elimination, doing use cases, doing DFDs
c
6. The relation between use cases and data flow diagrams is generally: a) Use cases are developed by users and data flow diagrams are developed by systems analysts b) Data flow diagrams are developed first and then use cases follow c) Use cases are developed first and then data flow diagrams follow d) Use cases show logical processes, while data flow diagrams show physical processes e) There is not a relationship between use cases and data flow diagrams
c
17. James is developing a DFD. What would be a good name for him to use on a data flow from the Calculate Federal Withholding process to a data store called YTD Payroll Data? a) Move withholding to YTD storage b) Transfer fed taxes to YTD storage c) Calculation Result d) Federal Withholding Taxes e) Add amounts to YTD total
d
23. The context diagram shows: a) Detailed processing logic b) All major processes c) All the data stores in the system d) The "big picture" of the system with external entities and only one process e) The system in context with all other systems in that department (for example, accounts payable, accounts receivable, etc.)
d
27. Amy has created a context diagram. What one DFD component is probably not shown? a) Process b) Data flow c) UML Stage d) Data store e) External Entity
d
3. Data flow diagramming is: a) The only process modeling currently used b) A detailed description of data c) Almost the same as a flow chart d) Focused on the processes or activities that are performed e) A visual version of a use case
d
9. Brianna has a process that has two inputs but only one output. a) This is an error as there needs to be the same amount of inputs as outputs b) This is an error as process do not have inputs or outputs c) This is normal as all processes have two inputs and one output d) This is normal as all processes need at least one input and at least one output e) This is an error as processes only produce output
d
1. A process model is: a) The output of the interviewing process b) The work plan c) The model that is produced by extreme prototyping d) The expanded and thoroughly balanced use case for a system e) A graphical way of representing how a business system operates
e
18. Mark has a data store called 'Items' and it includes all the items sold in a convenience store - sorted by UPC code with the retail price of the item. He has only one data flow called 'Item Details' that flows from the data store to the Process Checkout process. What will be true in this case? a) This is incorrect as every data store must have both inputs and outputs b) This is incorrect as every process must have both inputs and outputs c) This is incorrect as the data flow should have a verb phrase like 'Get Item Details' d) This is incorrect as there is no way to update the 'Items' data store e) This is correct
e
22. What diagram will have sub-processes with numbers like 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 (etc.) and also have flows coming in (or going out) that are not illustrated? a) Context diagram b) Level 0 diagram c) Gantt diagram d) Level 1 diagram e) Level 2 diagram
e
8. An external entity is: a) An activity or a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single piece of data c) A collection of data d) A trigger to a use case e) A person, organization or system outside of the system
e
36. A process model is an informal way of showing the external entities, event triggers, inputs and outputs.
f
37. Process models are only used to document the current system (that is, the "as-is" system), since that is the system the users know and is the system that will be modified.
f
40. Data flow diagrams (as the name implies) focus on the physical data in a system.
f
41. According to the authors "Process modeling - and the creating of PMPs in particular - is one of the most important skills needed by systems analysts".
f
42. Processes in DFDs are shown as circles in the Gane and Sarson notation.
f
43. Data that is moving from a process to another process is called a 'data stream'.
f
