Chapter 5 A&P

Connective Tissue

-Areolar -Compact Bone -Hyaline Cartilage

Keratinized Squamous Epithelium

-Dead squamous cells -Living epithelial cells -Dense irregular connective tissue. -Areolar tissue

Click and drag each label to correctly identify the components of a glands.

-Gland capsule - Secretory acini -Secretory Vesicles -Duct -Septum

Correctly label the parts of the neuron and other nerve tissue.

-Nuclei of Glial Cells - Axon - Neurosoma - Dendrites

Epithelial Tissue

-Simple Squamous - Stratified Columnar - Transitional - Pseudostratified

Mucle Tissue

-Smooth -Cardiac

Correctly label features of body fat

-blood vessel -Adipocyte nucleus -Lipid in Adipocyte

Neoplasia

1. Abnormal, non-functioning tissue 2. Tumor cells

Gap Junction

1. Allows the passage of ions from one cell to another. 2. Allows the electrical stimulation to pass from cell to cell. 3. Comprised of connexons

Which of the following is a mode of tissue death? Check all that apply.

1. Apoptosis 2. Necrosis 3. Infarction

Hyperplasia

1. Cells grow in number 2. Most childhood tissues grow this way. 3. Achieved via cell division

Hypertrophy

1. Cells grow in size. 2. Muscle tissue grows this way. 3. Adipose tissue grows this way

Which of the following are components of the matrix of connective tissue? Check all that apply.

1. Collagen Fibers 2. Proteoglycans 3. Ground substance

Desmosome

1. Contributes to the cytoskeleton. 2. Prevents cells from being pulled apart. 3. The hemi-version prevents cells from being pulled from the basement membrane.

Which of the following is a place where you might find non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium? Check all that apply.

1. Esophagus 2. Vagina

Simple:

1. Every cell touches the basement membrane. 2. Allows for rapid diffusion of substances. 3.Lines the lumens of the renal tubules of the kidneys.

Tight Junction

1. Forms a water resistant seal between cells 2. Makes sure intestinal substances pass through the epithelial cells, not between them. 3. Comprised of adhesion proteins

Which of the following are cells found in connective tissue? Check all that apply.

1. Leukocyte 2. Red Blood Cell 3. Chondrocyte

Adult Stem Cells

1. Multipotent. 2. One of the products of mitosis in mature cells 3. Unipotent

Chronological order of Histological Specimens

1. Obtain specimen 2. Apply fixative 3. Mount Section 4. Stain

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue? Check all that apply.

1. Protection 2. Absorption 3. Sensation

Endocrine glands:

1. Secrete Hormones 2. Release products into the blood stream. 3. Thyroid Gland

Exocrine

1. Secretes enzymes 2. Releases products into a duct or ontoa surface. 3. Goblet cells 4. Contains septa, dividing the gland into lobes. 5. Sweat glands

Stratified

1. Some cells rest on top of other cells. 2. Resists abrasion. 3. Found on the superficial surface of the skin. 4. Found in sweat gland ducts. 5. Is sometimes keratinized

Which of the following are examples of metaplasia? Check all that apply.

1. The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of a smoker's bronchi turning into stratified squamous epithelium. 2. Normal liver tissue is converted to abnormal fibrous tissue due to alcoholism.

Embryonic Stem Cells

1. Totipotent 2. Derived from the inner cell mass 3. Higher level of developmental plasticity

Which of the following statements is/are true about stem cells? Check all that apply.

1. Totipotent stem cells can develop into any type of human cell. 2. Adult stem cells undergo mitosis in the process of differentiating into mature cells. 3. The cells that give rise to sperm and egg cells are unipotent stem cells.

Which of the following is/are functions of connective tissue? Check all that apply.

1. suporting the internal frame of the body. 2. Energy Storage 3. Protecting of the vital organs. 4. Hormone Transport 5.Forming the structural framework of the liver

What kind of gland has arterial blood supply, blood capillaries, and hormone carried away in blood stream?

Endocrine

Which of the following statements is false about epithelial tissue?

Epithelial tissue is composed of cells and a thick vascular matrix.

Tissues whose cells are most susceptible to stimuli that change the membrane potential are called __________.

Excitable Tissues

Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells.

False

Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells.

False

Excitable cells respond to outside stimuli by means of changes in plasma membrane shape.

False

Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.

False

The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.

False

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except _________ tissue.

Fibrous

Which of the following terms describes a thin slice of tissue mounted on a microscope slide?

Histological section

During childhood, the liver increases in size as hepatocytes undergo cell division, resulting in a greater number of overall liver cells. This is an example of which of the following?

Hyperplasia

Which of the following is not part of a neuron?

Neuroglia

Nervous Tissue

Neurons

What lines the lumen of the trachea?

Pseudostratified Columnar

An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface, is called __________ epithelium.

Simple Columnar

What lines the small tubules of the kidneys?

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

What lines the lumen of the small intestine?

Single Columnar Epithelium

Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of cells is called __________.

Stratified

What lines the ducts of sweat glands?

Stratified Cuboidal

What covers the surface of the skin?

Stratified Squamous (Keratinized)

Lines the lumen of the esophagus

Stratified Squamous (nonkeratinized)

What lines the internal surface of the urinary bladder?

Transitional Epithelium

Columnar cells lining the small intestine have a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.

True

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.

True

In an epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix.

True

Mesoderm gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood.

True

Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue.

True

Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.

True

The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma.

True

When glands have dilated, pouch-like endings, they are referred to as _______ glands.

acinar

A modified form of sweat gland that produces thicker secretions that engage in merocrine function, is known as a(n) _______ gland.

apocrine

A ________ receives signals from other cells.

dendrite

Because of ___________, adjacent cells can resist being pulled apart.

desmosomes

Merocrine is another name for a(n) ______ gland which releases its products via exocytosis.

eccrine

From which primary germ layer is the epidermis of the skin derived?

ectoderm

The __________ gives rise to the __________.

ectoderm: nervous system and epidermis

Glands that have lost contact with a body surface are called _________, and secrete their products into capillary rich interstitial spaces for quick distribution throughout the body.

endocrine

Layers of closely packed cells that are found covering or lining body surfaces, as in the ___________ of the skin, are called ________ tissue.

epidermis; epithelial

The general term for glands that secrete their products directly into ducts is ________.

exocrine

Then, a chemical is used as a _______ to preserve the specimen and prevent decay.

fixative

A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a __________.

histological section

A ________ gland releases fragments of lysed cells within its secretions.

holocrine

The two methods of secretion are referred to as ________ and holocrine.

merocrine

Glands that combine both serous and mucous secretions are called ______ glands.

mixed

Consisting of an epithelium, a lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae, a ______ _________ lines passageways of the body, such as those of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

mucous membrane

__________ tissue consists of excitable cells that are specialized for _________ and found in the heart.

muscular; contraction

Cells of the _______________ can contract without chemical synapses because of ______ junctions.

myocardium; gap

The ________ are the most numerous cells of nervous tissue

neuroglia

The excitable cells of the nervous system are called _______.

neurons

The body of a neuron is called the __________.

neurosoma

Epithelial cells can resist being pulled away from their ________________ because of __________________.

basement membrane; hemidesmosomes

Which of the following is not a primary tissue type?

blood

Tissue found in the ______ that contains _________ cells is called nervous tissue.

brain; excitable

Epithelial tissue can be _______ according to cell shape and number of layers.

classified

Glands that have a branched duct are known as __________.

compound

_________ tissue usually has more matrix than cells. Some forms of this are bone, adipose, and blood.

connective

The largest membrane of the body, the ______________ provides a protective barrier from environmental factors such as chemicals, water, microbes, and mechanical trauma.

cutaneous membrane

Specialized glands that release entire cells are referred to as ______ glands.

cytogenic

Pseudostratified cells look like more than one layer because of the arrangements of the cells' nuclei.

nuclei

Neuroglia function to _______ and assist neurons.

protect

The ________ is mounted on the slide.

section

Consisting of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue , a _______ _________ lines the inside of some body cavities and produces a thin, watery secretion that lubricates internal areas for movement.

serous membrane

Glands that secrete thin, aqueous fluids are known as ______ glands, while glands that secrete fluids containing mucin are called _______ glands.

serous; mucous

Exocrine glands that are devoid of branches are referred to as _______ glands.

simple

One layer of cells is called _________, and more than one layer is called stratified.

simple

What lines the alveoli of the lungs?

simple squamous epithelium

Epithelial cells of the ______________ are held together by_______________ , which prevent lumenal contents from leaking between cells.

small intestine; tight junctions

A tissue ________ is obtained by slicing a piece of tissue from the source.

specimen

Thin, flat, scaly cells are _______.

squamous

Cuboidal cells are either rounded or ________ in shape.

square

A ________ is applied to the slide to help visualize the histological structures.

stain

A _______ ____________ serves as a wrapping around largely mobile joints and secretes synovial fluid that serves to lubricate joint movement.

synovial membrane

Glands often have secretory cells located in the duct as well as the acinus. These are referred to as ________ glands.

tubuloacinar

Columnar cells are taller than they are _______.

wide

What kind of gland has milk fat, plasma membrane, and secretory vesicles?

Apocrine