Chapter 5 AP gov

Which of the following is a form of symbolic speech?

All of these are forms of symbolic speech

Laws punishing a named person without trial are known as __________ and are not allowed by the Constitution.

Bills of attainder

The Bill of Rights was adopted primarily in response to

British abuses of the colonists' civil liberties

The Fifth Amendment includes a takings clause: government must provide "just compensation" when it uses its power of eminent ______ to take property for public use.

Domain

All of the following United States Supreme Court decisions strengthened the power of the federal government EXCEPT

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Cruel and unusual punishment is forbidden by the

Eighth Amendment

Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable search and seizure are most relevant to which stage of the criminal justice system?

Evidence gathered

The ________, established in 1934, has the power to issue licenses for a given frequency on the basis of "the public interest, convenience, or necessity." It often favors big commercial broadcasters aiming at large audiences.

Federal Communications Commission

The ________ Amendment forbids forced self-incrimination, stating that no person "shall be compelled to be a witness against himself."

Fifth

Legislation forbidding flag burning was deemed unconstitutional because it violated the

First Amendment's protection of expression

Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's

Fourteenth Amendment

The United States Supreme Court has used which of the following to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state law?

Fourteenth Amendment

The abridgment of citizens' freedom to worship, or not to worship, as they please is prohibited by the

Free exercise clause

In the 1963 case of ________, the Supreme Court ruled that defendants in all felony cases had a right to counsel, and if they could not afford to hire a lawyer, one must be provided.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Beginning with the case of ________ in 1925, the Supreme Court began to rule that the Bill of Rights applied directly to the states, as well as to the national government.

Gitlow v. New York

"Just as the Fourth Amendment's right to privacy has been declared enforceable against the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth, it is enforceable by the same sanction . . . as is used against the federal government. Were it otherwise, . . . the assurance against unreasonable searches and seizures would be 'a form of words,' valueless . . . 'in the concept of ordered liberty." Justice Tom Clark, Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Which two principles are addressed in the excerpt above? I. The incorporation doctrine II. The concept of eminent domain III. The exclusionary rule IV. The "wall of separation" doctrine

I and III

Which of the following is true about the right of free speech, as currently interpreted by the Supreme Court?

It protects the right to express opinions even without the actual use of words

In the case of ________, the Supreme Court ruled that the protection against unreasonable search and seizure applied to the state and local governments, as well as the national government, thus nationalizing the exclusionary rule.

Mapp v. Ohio

In ________, the Court clarified its doctrine of what was obscene, including such gauges as whether material appealed to merely a prurient interest in sex, and whether it lacked serious artistic, literary, political, or scientific merit.

Miller v. California

A warning must be read to suspects prior to interrogation. This warning is known as ______ rights—without which their statements cannot be admitted as evidence in court.

Miranda

The Supreme Court's 1991 ruling that a coerced confession introduced during a trial does not automatically taint a conviction if it is a "harmless error" is an example of the Court's recent willingness to make exceptions to the requirements of

Miranda rights.

In what case did the Supreme Court rule that suspects must be told of their constitutional rights to remain silent, that what they say can be used against them, and of their right to have an attorney present during any questioning?

Miranda v. Arizona

On May 4, 1970, at Ohio's Kent State University, _______ fired on unarmed student protesters who had planned a noontime antiwar rally. As a result, four students, including two passersby, died.

National Guardsmen

The First Amendment addresses freedom ______ in two distinct clauses: the establishment clause and the free expression clause.

Of religion

The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following?

Prohibits the setting up of a state church

Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government

Which constitutional amendment relates to the right to keep and bear arms?

Second Amendment

In Gideon v. Wainwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the

Sixth Amendment right-to-counsel provision applies to those accused of major crimes under state laws

Which part of the U.S. government uses selective incorporation when it exercises its powers?

Supreme Court

The ________ is the final interpreter of the content and scope of Americans' civil liberties.

Supreme court

When states began adopting "______-strikes-and-you're-out" laws, they would increase the sentence for subsequent felony convictions after the first, where life in prison without parole was the final punishment.

Three

In the Lemon v. Kurtzman decision of 1971, the Supreme Court ruled that

aid to church-related schools must be for secular purposes only, and cannot be used to advance or inhibit religion.

The incorporation doctrine involves

application of the Bill of Rights to the states.

The rights of protestors demonstrating outside abortion clinics concern which of the following freedoms?

assembly

In the case of Schenck v. United States in 1919, Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if that speech provokes

clear and present danger

In Gitlow v New York (1925), the Court ruled that freedoms of speech and press were liberties protected by the ________ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

due process

The right to assemble and the right to associate with people who share a common interest are protected by the ________ Amendment.

first

The Fifth Amendment forbids

forced self-incrimination

Which of the following elements of the Bill of Rights was extended to the states by the Supreme Court case of Near v. Minnesota?

freedom of the press

The Supreme Court has ruled that government aid to church-related schools

is permitted when the aid is for a non-religious purpose.

Gregg v. Georgia (1976) is significant in that it

marks the Supreme Court's ruling that the death penalty is constitutional, even though it is an extreme sanction for the most extreme of crimes.

In Roth v. United States, the Supreme Court held that

obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected free speech.

In the case of Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court ruled that

police must inform any suspect of a series of rights, including the constitutional right to remain silent

In the Engel v. Vitale case of 1962, the Supreme Court ruled that ________ was (were) unconstitutional.

prayers done as classroom exercises in public schools

The Fourth Amendment prevents the government from conducting "unreasonable searches and seizures." A reasonable search is conducted with a warrant issued by a judge and based on ______ cause.

probable

The language of the First Amendment, "Congress shall make no law," suggests that the Bill of Rights was written to

restrict the powers of the national government.

In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that in the third trimester of pregnancy

states can ban abortion except when the mother's health is in danger

The Bill of Rights was written and proposed by

the First Congress of the United States in 1789.

In District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), the Supreme Court ruled that

the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected to service in a militia.

In Roe v. Wade, the majority of Supreme Court justices determined that

the United States Constitution implies a right to privacy and thus made abortions legal

In its Near v. Minnesota decision of 1931, the Supreme Court ruled that

the state government could not use prior restraint to shut down an outspoken newspaper

The "Miranda warning" represents an attempt to protect criminal suspects against

unfair police interrogation

In Gonzales v. Carhart (2007), the Supreme Court

upheld a 2003 law banning "partial birth abortion" despite the fact that it does not make an exception to preserve a mother's health