Chapter 5: Civil Rights (Inquizitive)

Why did the Court strike down Oklahoma's law that allowed women ages 18 to 20 to buy beer, but not men?

- Oklahoma argued for a rational basis standard but, because the case involved gender discrimination, the Court applied an intermediate scrutiny standard instead

How have affirmative action policies evolved over time?

- President Johnson compels the federal civil service to hire minorities - National gov makes affirmative action a priority under President Nixon - The Supreme Court begins moving toward "color blind" jurisprudence

Place the following affirmative action policy changes in chronological order.

- President Lyndon Johnson promotes minority employment among the federal civil service - The federal gov makes affirmative action a prominent goal - The Supreme Court strikes down several college and university affirmative action plans

Although court rulings on affirmative action have left substantial grey areas, which of the following best summarizes the current legality of affirmative action in college and university admissions decisions?

- Race may be one of several factors in a holistic approach to determining admissions

Place these legal standards in order from the toughest to the most permissive.

- Strict Scrutiny - Intermediate Scrutiny - Rational Basis

Put these major moments from civil rights history in order from earliest to most recent.

- The Fourteenth Amendment is ratified - Plessy v. Ferguson is decided by the Supreme Court - Brown v. Board of Education is decided by the Supreme Court - The Voting Rights Act is passed

Which kinds of cases involve intermediate scrutiny?

Correct Ans: - cases involving gender discrimination Incorrect Ans: - cases involving racial discrimination - cases involving age discrimination - cases involving ethnic discrimination

Basic political freedoms that protect citizens from governmental abuses of power are called _______ , whereas things the government must do to ensure that citizens are protected from discrimination (whether governmental discrimination or private discrimination) are called _______.

- civil liberties - civil rights

In 2003, the Supreme Court ruled on two different University of Michigan cases related to affirmative action. They ruled that race as one of a number of considerations was considered ______. They also ruled that giving minority applicants a bonus 20 points on the application scoring system was _______.

- constitutional - unconstitutional

Place these major moments in the history of the civil rights movement in chronological order.

- The Seneca Falls Convention pushes for a woman's right to vote - Rosa Park is arrested to refusing to move to the black of the bus in Montgomery, Alabama - Martin Luther King, Jr. writes his famous "Letter from Birmingham Jail" - The Stonewall Rebellion starts the modern gay rights movement

Analyze the following two images that illustrate U.S. Census data, and then pick the answer that best summarizes the geographic relationship between poverty and minority population

- The poverty rate is higher in areas that have higher concentrations of minorities

Complete the following statement regarding how the Civil War and Reconstruction affected the rights of Blacks in the United States. After the Civil War, three amendments to the Constitution _______ civil rights for Blacks. Once Reconstruction ended, however, _______ severely restricted the rights of Blacks, with ____ states taking the lead in segregating many public facilities.

- expanded - Jim Crow laws - southern

When it comes to the criminal justice system, Whites are ______ likely than Blacks to be convicted of the same crimes and serve ________ sentences once convicted.

- less - shorter

Minorities, whether armed or unarmed, are _____ likely to be killed by police than are Whites. Convictions for shootings by police are _____.

- more - rare

Analyze the graphic on turnout in presidential elections by race, and then place the following demographic groups in order from highest turnout to lowest turnout, based on the 2016 election. Based on given image

- non-Latino White - Black - Asian - Latino

As outlined in Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail," what was one of the key parts of civil rights protests in the South in the early 1960s?

- nonviolence

The argument that women are too frail to serve on the front lines in the armed forces is a modern example of what idea?

- protectionism

Modern social movements have begun using new tools such as _____ to advance their cause. One example of this is the _____ movement, which has successfully convinced some police departments to use body cameras and complete bias-reduction trainings.

- social media - Black Lives Matter

Order these forms of affirmative action from the most passive to the most active.

- targeted recruiting of minority applicants - use of race or gender as a "plus factor" - use of racial or gender quotas

Which amendment provides the most substantial grounding for modern civil rights legislation?

14

When did affirmative action programs start?

1960s

Which of the following statements best describes the research that has shown the relative levels of average income and accumulated wealth of Black and Hispanic families compared to White families?

Black and Hispanic families make less on average than White families and have less accumulated wealth.

Which case ended legal segregation in public schools?

Brown v. Board of Education

Sort the following examples into whether they deal with civil rights or civil liberties cases.

Civil Rights - a congressional act that makes it easier for women to sue their employers for unequal pay - a government agency reviewing complaints about racial and gender discrimination by employers Civil liberties - a Court ruling that schools may not compel students to submit to a strip search during a drug test - Supreme Court ruling that the government cannot prevent someone from sending out pamphlets protesting a war

Which of the following methods were used in the Jim Crow South to try and disenfranchise Black voters?

Correct Ans - introducing grandfather clauses - making voters pass a literacy test - instituting mandatory poll taxes Incorrect Ans: - passing laws barring Blacks from voting in the general election

Which of the following statements about the civil rights of the LGBTQ community are accurate?

Correct Ans: - A majority of citizens today support same-sex marriage. - A majority of citizens today support the right of same-sex couples to adopt children. Incorrect Ans: - The critical moment that spurred the gay rights movement was the passage of the Defense of Marriage Act in 1995.

Which of the following are foundational equal protection laws from the 1960s?

Correct Ans: - Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Voting Rights Act of 1965 - Fair Housing Act of 1968 Incorrect Ans: - Equal Rights Amendment of 1969

Which of the following equal protection laws have had lasting influence on the expansion of civil rights?

Correct Ans: - Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Voting Rights Act of 1965 - Fair Housing Act of 1968 Incorrect Ans: - Equal Rights Amendment of 1969

How has the Supreme Court influenced the application of the Voting Rights Act in its recent decisions?

Correct Ans: - It removed the designation of jurisdictions that needed preclearance to change voting laws. Incorrect Ans: - It removed the Department of Justice's authority to oversee voting rights. - It allowed for the reestablishment of poll taxes. - It has authorized the use of racial gerrymandering to achieve political outcomes.

What challenges did African Americans face after the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954?

Correct Ans: - Many African Americans still could not exercise their right to vote. - Employment discrimination against African Americans persisted. - Housing remained racially segregated. Incorrect Ans: - De jure school segregation continued in the North and South.

Which statements about recent presidential administrations and civil rights are accurate?

Correct Ans: - Most recent presidents have added to diversity in presidential appointments. - When presidents address civil rights, they tend to use the bully pulpit to promote racial interests. Incorrect Ans: - Recent presidents have made civil rights policy a high priority. - Most presidents have ignored issues of race altogether.

Which of the following statements about Native American civil rights are correct?

Correct Ans: - Native Americans had virtually no civil rights in the 1700s and 1800s. - Native Americans only gained the right to vote in the 1920s. Incorrect Ans: - Native Americans were moved to internment camps during World War II. - Because they were treated as sovereign nations, native tribes could create binding treaties with the United States as early as the 1800s.

Which of the following are true about the use of race in drawing congressional district lines?

Correct Ans: - Race cannot be the predominant factor in drawing district lines. - It can be difficult to determine whether districts are drawn for racial reasons or partisan reasons. Incorrect Ans: - The issue of drawing district lines using racial considerations first came about in the wake of the Civil War. - The Court mandates that some districts be majority African American or Latino to increase representation in Congress from those groups.

What factors led the Supreme Court to weaken affirmative action laws?

Correct Ans: - The Court ruled that states are allowed to make it illegal to consider race in admissions and hiring decisions. - The Court decided that affirmative action policies must survive strict scrutiny. Incorrect Ans: - The Court struck down the affirmative action policies of many colleges because diversity is not important in education. - There was no longer any need for affirmative action policies.

Which of the following contributed to the expansion of civil rights for African Americans after World War II?

Correct Ans: - The Supreme Court became more supportive of civil rights. - Congress made it illegal for states to force African Americans to use separate public facilities. - NAACP lawyers won several important court cases. Incorrect Ans: - State governments began abolishing Jim Crow laws.

Which of the following cases of discrimination would be subject to strict scrutiny?

Correct Ans: - the U.S. government ordering people of Japanese descent into internment camps - a university using race as part of its holistic admissions procedures Incorrect Ans: - a state requiring its public officials to retire at the age of 70 - a university requiring that men, but not women, register for the draft prior to admissions

Which of the following tactics have depressed turnout among Black and Hispanic voters over the previous fifteen years?

Correct Ans: - using voter challenges that target minority voters - reducing the number of polling places in minority neighborhoods - withholding voting information from Black communities Incorrect Ans: - making voters pay a poll tax before they can vote

Sort the following into descriptions of "de facto" or "de jure" segregation.

De Facto Segregation - schools where students are predominantly of one race because of who lives in the neighborhood - segregation resulting from housing patterns De Jure Segregation - policies restricting who can sit where on a public bus - laws mandating separate dining facilities for minorities

Chinese immigrants faced discriminatory practices from citizens, but not from the U.S. government.

False

Discriminatory policies stopped after the Brown v. Board of Education decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson.

False

Latino voter registration typically outpaces that of Whites and Blacks

False

Restrictions in voting access, such as requiring a photo ID, providing proof of citizenship, or limiting voting days and times, have the same impact on White and minority voters.

False

Why was the court case Plessy v. Ferguson important?

It established the idea of "separate but equal"

Which of the following was notable about the Women's March in January 2017?

It was the largest single day of protest in American history

What does the term "environmental racism" mean?

Minorities are more likely to live in places affected by pollution and toxic waste

How have the following contributed to the civil rights of gays and lesbians?

Obergefell v. Hodge - legalized same-sex marriages in all states repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" - allowed gay men and women to serve openly in the military Lawrence v. Texas - extended right of privacy as related to intimate conduct to gay men and lesbians

The #MeToo movement is primarily concerned with issues around which issue?

Sexual harassment

Watch the animation, and then match the type of scrutiny with the correct description.

Strict Scrutiny - the level of scrutiny used for cases that deal with racially based discrimination claims Rational Basis - the lowest level of scrutiny applied by the courts Intermediate Scrutiny - the level of scrutiny used for cases that deal with gender-based discrimination claims

What was the primary outcome of the Seneca Falls Convention?

The convention called for women to have the right to vote

How did the Civil War amendments contribute to the expansion of civil rights?

Thirteenth - abolished slavery Fourteenth - guaranteed equal protection of the laws Fifteenth - guaranteed voting rights for Black men

What congressional action was foundational for barring sexual harassment in the workplace?

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Supreme Court ruled that the "show me your papers" part of an Arizona law (which required law enforcement officials to check the immigration status of a person during a stop, detention, or arrest) was constitutional.

True

What is the term for segregation that exists because of circumstances that occur outside the law?

de facto segregation