Chapter 5: Conquest and Exile: A Remnant Returns

Purgatory

A state of final purification after death before entrance into Heaven for those who have died in God's friendship but are only imperfectly purified

Galilee (Jesus is from here)

According to Isaiah, what unlikely place would be made glorious "in the later time"?

Pharisees Sadducees

After some time, the kingdom was once again divided between which two powerful factions of Judaism?

Judah: large tribe of Judah, little tribe of Benjamin, and the Levites

By this time, what is all that is left of David's kingdom?

Not as good as Solomon's No Ark of the Covenant

From what two major deficiencies would teh new Temple suffer?

Martyr

Greek for "witness." One who dies for the sake of God

Messiah

Hebrew for "anointed one." The ideal future king of Israel promised by God through the prophets

Tears his cloak, starts teh great reform, and read the book to the people

How did Josiah react when he found out Judah was to be punished by God?

He undid his father's reforms and worshipped pagan gods

How did King Manasseh begin his father's reign?

Wrote the Torah (no temple = writing stories down to remember) and used it for hope. Wrote it from a point of view of the people that have lost everything by disobeying God

How did the Jewish culture flourish during the Exile?

Practice religious tolerance and can celebrate traditions which led to loyalty

How did the Persians differ from the Babylonians in their style of ruling the peoples they conquered?

Leading citizens were gone, the poor farmers were left behind, and most of the northern ten tribes dissolved. They also brought settlers to resettle in the land

How do the Assyrians deal with the people of Israel?

1 generation (Persians conquered)

How long did Nebuchadnezzar's empire last after he died?

Nothing

How much did Nehemiah take for his salary as governor?

32 or 33 - fever

How old was Alexander the Great when he died, and from what did he die?

Righteousness

In a word, what did God REALLY want from his people?

Promises to David that He wouldn't back out on and they knew that a Messiah is coming

Isaiah corrects warns the people of the wrath that is to come if they do not repent. Why did the people have hope that God would never abandon them?

The rededication of the Temple

Most Christians are at least aware of the Jewish feast of Hanukkah because it is celebrated near the Christian feast of Christmas. What does Hanukkah celebrate?

Deuteronomy/Law; Josiah

The Book of _______________ was key to the reforms of King ______.

Hellenism

The adoption of Greek culture and ideas

Babylon

The conquered people of Judah were taken captive to this imperial city by Nebuchadnezzar

Tetrarchy

The division of Herod the Great's kingdom among his four sons

Believed in it strongly, to stand up for what they believe in, believed that it would be better to die than to be unfaithful to God

The initial efforts of the Maccabees were unorganized and had little chance of success. Why, then, did the people join the resistance?

Holy of Holies

The inner sanctuary of teh Temple. In the Second Temple, it was empty; the Ark of the Covenant had been hidden

Idolism; hypocrisy. The rich gave little to God and we're;t treatin their people fairly. Made small sacrifice with sick animals in order to "make up" for what they did (not sincere)

The main religious problem in Jerusalem during the time of the Prophet Nehemiah was not _______, but rather _________. This was manifested by what?

Galilee

The population of this district of Israel was not deported with teh rest of the kingdom

Judaism

The practice of traditional Jewish religion, defined in opposition to "Hellenism"

537 BC

The time the people of Judah spent as captives in Babylon

The seperated

The word "Pharisees" comes from the Hebrew word "Perushim," which means ___ _________.

Alexander the Great

This Greek conqueror spread his empire as far as India, which spread Greek culture throughout the known world

Pharisees

This Jewish sect believed Jews should keep Seperate from the Gentiles. They followed the Law of Moses strictly, adding many traditional interpretations and regulations of their own

Sadducees

This Jewish sect believed in accommodating Judaism to teh political situation. They held most of the positions of power in priesthood. They did not believe in teh resurrection and denied teh existence of angels

Cyrus

This Persian king conquered Babylon and allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem

Nebuchadnezzar

This king of Babylon conquered Judah and carried teh best families off to Exile in Babylon

Manasseh

This king of Judah destroyed all of his father Hezekiah's reforms and persecuted the worshippers of the true God

Samaritans

This mixed race of people inhabited teh old territory of Israel during the Babylonian Exile. They were hostile to returning exiles

Josiah

This reforming king returned the people of Judah to the worship of the true God. During his reign, the Book of Law (Deuteronomy) was rediscovered in the Temple and read to the people

Herod the Great

This wickedly ambitious king took over the government of Palestine with the support to the Romans. He was an Edomite, but he portrayed himself as a Jew returned from teh Exile

Murder for circuncism, forced to eat unclean meats, oppression, forced behavior, and defiles/desecrated the Temple by putting a statue of Zeus in the Holy of Holies (straw that broke the camel's back)

What are some examples of the new persecution that broke out against the Jews under Antiochus?

Assyrian conquest in 722 BC

What brings the history of the northern kingdom of Israel to an end, and when does this happen?

He prayed to God to help him against the Assyrians' capture (away in chains) and by this he took away all pagan alters and made sacrafices/thanksgiving to the Temple.

What causes Manasseh to abandon his ways? What did he do after he repented?

Rightousness

What did God desire from the Israelites at the time of Zechariah?

Resurrection of the dead (good life = good reward in heaven; bad life = bad reward in heaven)

What did some of te Jews at this time believe happened after death?

Converted and found that God is the true God

What happened when Manasseh was taken away by the Assyrians?

Doctrines/prayers of Resurrection, Doctrines/prayers of the Dead, Purgatory

What important Christian doctrines are described in 2 Maccabees 12:40-45 (cf. p. 172)?

Found the Book of Law (Deuteronomy) in the remains of the Temple

What important discovery did the priests make during Josiah's reign?

Allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem, but a lot of the people didn't return because of Judah's bad conditions and them being poor

What important edict did Cyrus issue in the first ear of his reign?

Sin of turning away from God; if you turn away from Gods after you die wouldn't be too good (rather be martyr)

What is apostasy, and why would death be preferable to it?

Repentance and the judgement to come after it

What is the main theme of Isaiah's prophecy?

Hezekiah - God is my strength, when he could walk, the siege of Jerusalem was lifted, he was a good king and reformer and brought God back to Israel

What is the name of Ahaz's son, and why does he appear to be the one to fulfill Isaiah's prophecy?

God will give him a sign which is a young woman who will conceive and bear a son who will refuse evil and choose the good (Emmanuel - God is with us)

What is the prophecy that Isaiah gives to wicked King Ahaz?

Lord's Annointed/Messiah (surprising because he is not a Jew)

What surprising title was given to Cyrus in the book of Isaiah?

Commissions for rebuilding the Temple (pays for it) Freed the Jews

What two great things does Cyrus of Persia do for the exiled Jews?

Some had to sell themselves into slavery because they didn't have enough money to live (reversed the Exodus)

What was the outcome for many of teh poor citizens of Jerusalem who escaped their slavery in Babylon?

Restore a purified Israel in the Promised Land

What was the prophet Ezra's dream?

They sacrifice the weak, old, and sick animals, not something that meant something to them

What was unacceptable about the sacrafices that some people were making to God during this time?

Hellenistic Age: rich through conquered, arts, and culture

What were some of the advances being made during this time in Greek culture?

Filled/defiled/desecrated temples with pagan images and alters, worshipped pagan gods, offered his sons in sacrifice as burnt offerings, persecuted Christoans, and massacred innocent people

What were some of the crimes of King Manasseh?

Sadducees

What were the people called who did not believe in teh resurrection of the dead?

Political stability Travel through the empire safely System of currency and laws that are constant/consistent

What were three if teh benefits that the world enjoyed under the Pax Romana?

587 BC

When Nebuchadnezzar had enough to go the rebellious Jerusalem, he came and destroyed it. When does this happen?

Hellenism - Greeks called themselves the Hellens

When we study history, what is the word that we use to describe Greek culture and civilization, and from where does it come?

Babylonian Exile

When were many books of the Old Testament edited into their final forms?

Some fled to Egypt after killing one of Nebuchadnezzar's governors

Where did the remnant of Judah flee after the leading citizens had been deported to Babylon?

Judah (Judas) Maccabee

Which of the Matthias' sons was the most talented soldier?

Alexander the Great

Who conquered most of the known world at the time around 333 BC?

Mary and Jesus

Who does Isaiah's prophecy really point to?

Ezra

Who edited the standard version of teh Torah after the return from the exile?

Reforming king of Judah who worked with Isaiah to return Judah to the true worship of God

Who was Hezekiah?

Josiah

Who was known as the great reformer?

Assyrians who settled around Samaria

Who were the Samaritans?

People were worshipping it as a god

Why did Hezekiah destroy Moses' bronze serpent?

From Judah to distinguish from Hellenism

Why did the Jews begin to call their religion "Judaism"?

Want to rebuild, but never will be as good as Solomon's

Why did the people have mixed reactions toward rebuilding the temple?

Pagan wives led them into worshipping false gods (temptation)

Why was Ezra so adamant about the people not taking pagan wives?