Chapter 5: Dynamic Study Module Questions

Which of the following is a polymer: 1) Testosterone, a steroid hormone 2) Triacylglycerol (fat) 3) Fructose, a component of sucrose 4) Cellulose, a plant cell wall component 5) Glucose, an energy-rich molecule

Cellulose, a plant cell wall componnent

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____.

DNA

The sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of molecules?

Lipids

Sickle cell anemia is a disease that is caused by ______ in the ______ of the protein.

a single amino acid change; primary structure

Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of __________.

amino acid molecules

The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) __________ bond.

covalent

In living organisms, DNA exists as a _______ with the strand(s) _______.

double helix; running antiparallel

The proper 3-D shape and folding of a protein is assisted by ________.

molecules called chaperonins

The tertiary structure of a protein includes all of the following interactions except _______ bonds: 1) ionic 2) peptide 3) disulfide bridge 4) hydrophobic 5) hydrophilic

peptide

The lipids that form from the main structural component of cell membranes are ________.

phospholipids

One characteristic shared by sucrose, lactose, and maltose is _______.

they are all disaccharides

In a dehydration synthesis reaction, ______ is always formed as a by-product of the reaction.

water

________ is always involved in hydrolysis reactions.

Water

Sugars are molecules that have _____ C:H:O and are called _______.

a 1:2:1 ratio of; carbohydrates

The peptide bond is _______.

a covalent bond joining amino acids together to form a polypeptide

The components of nucleic acids are _______.

a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate

Nitrogenous bases are classified as either purines or pyrimidines. Examples of purines are _________.

adenine and guanine

Sugars have a(n) __________ group that interacts with a _________ group that forms ring structures when the dry molecule is placed in water.

carbonyl; hydroxyl

The molecule with four fused rings that is found in animal membranes and is the precursor of vertebrate sex hormones is ________.

cholesterol

When comparing saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats, the unsaturated fats have ______ and are ______ at room temp.

cis double bonds; liquids

Carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for ________.

energy storage and release

A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cell is ________.

glycogen

The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by ______.

glycosidic linkages

The secondary of a peptide backbone is stabilized by ______ forming either a(n) _______ or a(n) _________.

hydrogen bonds; alpha helix; beta pleated sheets

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called the _______ structure of the protein.

primary