Chapter 5 - Foundations of Employee Motivation

What are the characteristics of an optimal goal?

- Explicit - Challenging but reachable - People believe they are worthwhile - involve employees in the planning (Owners vs. Renters)

What are the 3 innate needs that influence behavior in the Self-Determination Theory? (Content Theory)

1) Competence 2) Autonomy 3) Relatedness

What are the 2 fundamental perspectives on motivation?

1) Content theories - focus on identifying internal factors such as needs and satisfaction. 2) Process theories - Explains the process by which internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation.

What are the 3 types of Justice in motivation theory? (Process Theory)

1) Distributive Justice 2) procedural Justice 3) Interactional Justice

What are the two sets of factors in Herzberg's Hygiene Theory? (Content Theory)

1) Hygiene factors that cause a person to move from a state of satisfaction to dissatisfaction. 2) Motivating factors that cause a person to move from a state of dissatisfaction to satisfaction.

What are the 3 acquired needs in McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory? (Content Theory)

1) Need for achievement (want immediate feedback and preoccupied with task) 2) Need for affiliation (high social intelligence, team-players) 3) Need for power (Institutional Power is good but Personal Power is generally bad)

What are 3 ways to motivate employees through job design?

1) Top-Down Approach - management designs job (this is the traditional way) 2) Bottom-Up Approach - Employees design job (recent way) 3) Emerging - Idiosyncratic Deals (I-deals) Approach (Employees and Management design job together)

Expectancy Theory (Process Theory)

Expectance Instrumentality Valence Effort -> Performance Goal -> Outcomes

What is the Equity Theory? (Process Theory)

Says that motivation explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships. You compare Outputs (pay/benefits), Inputs (Time, skill, education) with other people in order to make a decision.

Define Motivation

The underlying psychological influences over our behavior and thought. There is Extrinsic and Intrinsic motivation.

What are the two theories (views) of McGregor's Theory? (Content Theory)

Theory X (pessimistic view) - Employees dislike work and can only be motivated with rewards and punishments. Theory Y (optimistic view) - Employees are self-engaged, responsible, and creative.

What are the levels of need in the pyramid of Maslow's need hierarchy? (Content Theory)

5) Physiological 4) Safety 3) Love 2) Esteem 1) Self-Actualization

What is Self-Efficacy?

What people believe they can achieve.