Chapter 5

Define Scope - TTs- Data Analysis Analysis Technique used is _______ analysis to evaluate ways to meet requirements and objectives identified in charter

ALTERNATIVE

Collect Requirements - Input - Business Documents The ______ case can describe required, desired, and optional criteria for meeting the business needs

Business

Trends and Emerging Practices in Project Scope Management: ______ _______ is being used for competitive advantage by defining, managing, and controlling requirements activities

Business Analysis

Define Scope - Inputs - Project _______

CHARTER

Collect Requirements - Inputs - OPAs 1. policies and procedures 2.

Historical Information and lessons learned repository with information from previous projects

Plan Scope Management - Inputs - Project Management Plan 1. Quality Management Plan 2. Project Life Cycle Description 3.

development approach - which to use waterfall, iterative, adaptive, agile, or hybrid

Create WBS - Outputs- Scope Baseline components of the scope baseline include: 1. Project Scope Statement - project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints 2. WBS - 3. Work Package - unique identifier, structure for hierarchy. part of a control account. 4. planning package - work breakdown component below the control account and above the work package with known work content but without detailed schedule activities 5. WBS _______ - document that provides detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component

dictionary

Create WBS- TTs - Decomposition technique used for ______ and _____ the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts

dividing and subdividing

Validate Scope differs from Control Quality: Validate Scope: ______ of deliverables Control Quality: ______ of deliverables (performed before validate scope)

ACCEPTANCE Correctness

Collect Requirements - TTs- Data Gathering 1. Brainstorming 2. Interviews- 3. Focus Groups 4. 5.

4. Questionnaires and Surveys 5. Benchmarking- comparison or actual/planned products, processes, practices to similar organizations to generate best ideas

Collect Requirements - Outputs- Requirements Documentation 1. Business Requirements - higher level needs of the org 2. stakeholder requirements - 3. solutions requirements - meet needs of business and stakeholder requirements 3A. Functional: describe the behaviors of the product. actions, processes, data 3B. Nonfunctional: supplement functional requirements and describe the environmental conditions needed for project to be effective. Ex: security, safety, supportability 4. Transition and Readiness Requirements - temporary capabilities such as data conversion and training requirements needed to transition from current to desired state 5. 6.

5. Project Requirements - actions, processes, other conditions the project needs to meet ex: milestones 6. Quality Requirements - any criteria needed to validate the completion of a project deliverable or fulfillment of other project requirements

Define Scope - TTs - Product Analysis examples 1. Product Breakdown 2. requirements analysis 3. systems analysis 4. systems engineering 5. 6.

5. value analysis 6. value engineering

Collect Requirements - TTs - Expert Judgement 1. Business Analysis 2. Requirement Elicitation 3. Requirement Analysis 4. Requirements Documentation 5. Project requirements 6. diagramming techniques 7. 8.

7. facilitation 8. conflict management

Control Account

A management control point where scope, budget, actual cost, and schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurement.

Collect Requirements - TTs - Data Analysis Document _____ consists of reviewing and assessing any relevant documented information.

Analysis

Control Scope - Key Benefit scope _____ is maintained throughout the project

BASELINE

Relationship between a project manager and business analyst should be a ______ partnership

Collaborative

Validate Scope - Input - Verified Deliverables verified project deliverables are project deliverables that are completed and checked for correctness using

Control Quality Process

Project Management Processes are: 1. Plan Scope Management - creating a scope management plan that documents how product scope will be defined, validated, and controlled 2. Collect Requirements - determining, documentings, and managing stakeholder needs and requirements 3. Define Scope 4. Create WBS - subdividing project eliverablesand project work into smaller components 5. Validate Scope - formal acceptance 6.

Control Scope - monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to scope baselines

Plan Scope Management - Inputs- OPAs 1. Policies and Procedures 2.

Historical Information and lessons learned repositories

Adaptive iterations - continue repetition of 3 things: 1. Collect Requirements 2. Define Scope 3.

Create WBS

In Predictive life cycles - project ______ are defined at the beginning of the project and any changes to scope are progressively managed. In adaptive or agile life cycle, the deliverables are developed over _______ iterations where a detailed scope is defined and approved for each iteration when it begins.

Deliverables Multiple

Create WBS - if AGILE approach is used. ____ can be decomposed into user stories

EPICS

Define Scope - Outputs- Project Scope Statement degree and level of detail to which project scope statement defines the work that will be performed and the work that is excluded can help determine project management team control. Detailed Project Scope Statement includes: 1. Product Scope Description - progressively elaborates the characteristics of the product, service, or result described in project charter 2. deliverables- also include anciliary results like project management reports and documentation 3. acceptance criteria- 4. Project ______: what is excluded from project, what is out of scope to help manage stakeholder expectations

Exclusions

Create WBS - TTs - _____ Judgement

Expert

Project Scope Management Processes - trends and emerging practices with business analysis include: 1. determine problems and identify business needs 2. identify and recommend viable solutions for meeting those needs 3. Elicit, document, an manage stakeholder requirements in order to meet business and project objectives 4.

Facilitate the successful implementation of the product, service, or end result of project or program.

Define Scope - TTs - Interpersonal and Team Skills _________ is used in workshops and working sessions with key stakeholders who have a variety of expectations or fields of expertise. Goal is to reach a cross- functional and common understanding of deliverables and boundaries

Facilitation

Collect Requirements - TTs - Interpersonal and Team Skills 1. Nominal Group Technique - enhances brainstorming with voting to rank most useful ideas (4 steps) 2. Observation/ Conversation - direct way of viewing individuals in their environments and how they perform their jobs 3.

Facilitation - focused sessions with stakeholders to define product requirements. Used in JAD, QFD, User Stories

Define Scope - selects the ____ project requirements from the requirements documentation developed during the Collect Requirements process. Then it develops a detailed description of the project and product, service, or result

Final

Project Scope Management - Tailoring Considerations 1. Knowledge and requirements management 2. Validation and Control 3. Development Approach 4. Stability of Requirements 5.

Governance

Collect Requirements - Inputs - Project Charter The project charter documents the _____ project description and _______ requirements that will be used to develop detailed requirements

HIGH - LEVEL

Plan Scope Management - TTs - Expert Judgement 1. Previous similar projects 2.

Information in the industry, discipline, and application area

Validate Scope - Outputs- Change Requests completed deliverables that have not been formally accepted are documented along with the reasons for non-acceptance of those deliverables. Change requests are processes through Perform _____ ______ _______ process

Integrated change control

Prototypes support the concept of progressive elaboration in _______ cycles

Iterative

Define Scope - TTs - Expert ______

JUDGEMENT

Collect Requirements - Input - EEF 1. Organization's Culture 2. Infrastructure 3. Personnel Administration 4.

Marketplace Conditions

Plan Scope Management - Input - EEF 1. Organizations Culture 2. Infrastructure 3. Personnel administration 4.

Marketplace Conditions

Collect Requirements - TTs- Data Representation 1. Affinity Diagrams - large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis 2.

Mind Mapping - consolidates ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions to reflect commonality and differences

Collect Requirements - TTs - Decision Making 1. Voting Unanimity - everyone agrees Majority - more than 50% Plurality - largest group of agrees 2. Autocratic Decision Making - one individual makes decision for the whole group 3.

Multicriteria Decision Analysis - decision matrix used to provide a systematic analytical approach

Create WBS - Inputs - Project Management Plan Scope Management plan documents how the WBS will be created from the ____ scope statement

PROJECT

Control Scope - Outputs - Project Management Plan Updates 1. scope management plan 2. scope baseline - revised scope baseline is needed to provide a realistic basis for performance measurement 3. Schedule baseline - changes in schedule baseline are incorporated in response to approved changes in scope, resources, or schedule estimates 4. Cost baseline - approved changes in scope, resources, or cost estimates 5. Performance _____ _____ - approved changes in scope, resources, performance, and cost estimates

Performance measurements baseline

During project ______, the project scope is defined and described with specificity. Define Project Scope can be highly ________

Planning Iterative

Define Scope - Inputs- Project Management Plan - Includes the scope management plan that documents how ________ scope will be defined, validated, and controlled

Project

Key Concepts for Project Management Scope 1. Product Scope - features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result 2.

Project Scope - work performed to deliver a product, service, or result. Sometimes viewed as including product scope

Create WBS - Inputs - Project Documents 1. Project Scope Statement 2.

Requirements Documentations

Define Scope - Inputs- Project Documents 1. Assumption Log 2. Requirement Documentation 3. ______ Register

Risk Register

Control Scope - Outputs - Work Performance Information includes correlated information on how the project and product ______ are performing compared to the _____ baseline. can include changes received, identified scope variances and causes, how they impact schedule and cost, and forecast of future scope performance

SCOPE , scope

Collect Requirements - Key Benefit Provides the basis for defining product ____ and project _______ This process is performed once or at predefined points in the project

SCOPE, SCOPE

_______ is a prototype technique showing sequence through a series of images or illustrations.

STORYBOARDS

Collect Requirements - Inputs - Project Documents 1. Assumption Log - about product, project, environment, stakeholder, etc. 2. Lessons Learned Register - effective requirements collecting techniques, projects using iterative or adaptive methodology 3.

Stakeholder Register - identify stakeholder who can provide info on requirements and expectations

Activities of business analysis may _____ before a project is initiated and Project Management is assigned

Start

Verified Deliverables obtained from Control Quality process are an input to the ______

Validate Scope process

WBS Structure created through: 1. top- down approach 2. use of organizational - specific guidelines 3. use of _____ templates

WBS

Collect Requirements

The process of determining, documenting, and managing stakeholder needs and requirements to meet project objectives.

Define Scope

The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product.

Validate Scope

The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables.

Control Scope

The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline.

Create WBS

The process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components.

Project Scope Management

The processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.

Scope Creep

The uncontrolled expansion to product or project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources.

Control Scope - TTs - Data Analysis 1. Variance Analysis - used to compare baseline to actual results and determine variance threshold amount if action is needed 2. ______ Analysis - examines project performance over time to determine if performance is improving or deteriorating

Trend

Requirements Traceability Matrix each requirement adds business ______ by linking it to project objectives. Provides structure for managing changes to the product ______

VALUE SCOPE

Managing Project scope is primarily concerned with _______

defining and controlling what is and is not included in the project

Validate Scope - Key Benefit Brings objectivity to the ______ process and _____ the probability of the final product, service, or result by validating each deliverable

acceptance, increases

Control Scope is used to manage the _____ _______ when they occur and is integrated with the other control processes.

actual changes

Rolling wave planning: decomposition may not be possible for a deliverable or subcomponent that will be accomplished far into the future. Technique of project management team usually waits until the deliverable or subcomponent is _______

agreed on

Plan Scope Management - TTs - Data Analysis The data analysis technique that can be used is ____ analysis

alternative

Collect Requirements - Outputs - Requirements Traceability Matrix is a grid that links product requirements from their origin to the _____ that satisfy them

deliverables

Control Scope - Inputs - Work Performance Data can include the number of change requests received, the number of requests accepted, and the number of _____ verified, validated, and completed

deliverables

Define Scope - Key Benefit

describes the product, service, or result boundaries and _________ criteria

Validate Scope - Inputs- Project Management Plan Include: 1. Scope Management Plan 2. Requirements management plan 3. scope _____

baseline

Once requirements from prototype are complete - it moves to a _____ phase

build

Plan Scope Management - Outputs - Scope Management Plan Describes how the scope will be defined, ____, _____, ____, and _____

developed, monitored, and controlled and validated

Create WBS - TTs - Decomposition WBS - cost and duration can be estimated and manged level of decomposition is guided by the degree of ______ needed to effectively manage the project

control

Create WBS - Work packages planned work is contained in lowest level of WBS Components. A work package can be used to group the activities where work is scheduled and estimated, and monitored and ____. deliverables are the results of the activity NOT the activity itself

controlled

Create WBS -Outputs - Project Documents Update 1. Assumption Log 2. Requirements Documentation - may be updated to include approved changes resulting from ___ ______ process

create WBS

Validate Scope - Input - Work Performance Data can include the degree of compliance with requirements, number and severeness of noncomformities, or the number of _____ performed in a period of time

cycles

Create WBS - TTs - Decomposition Work package generally involves the activities 1. identify and analyze deliverables and related work 2. structuring and organizing the WBS 3. Decomposing the upper WBS levels into lower - level components 4. Developing and assigning identification codes to the WBS components 5. Verifying the degree of _____ of the deliverable is appropriate

decomposition

Requirements Traceability Matrix - 1. Business needs 2. project objectives 3. project scope and WBS Deliverables 4. Product Design 5. Product Development 6. Test strategy and scenarios 7.

high -level requirements to more detailed requirements

Collect Requirements- Outputs - Requirements Documentation Describes how ______ requirements meet the business need for the project.

individual

Create WBS - Inputs - EEFs Factors that can influence WBS include _______ WBS Standards that are relevant to project nature, may serve as external reference sources for creating WBS

industry - specific

Define Scope - Inputs - OPAs 1. policies, procedures, and templates for scope 2. Project files from previous projects 3.

lessons learned from previous phases or projects

Create WBS - Inputs - OPAs 1. policies, procedures, and templates for WBS 2. Project Files from previous projects 3.

lessons learned from previous projects

100 percent Rule: total work at the _____ level should roll up to the higher levels so that nothing is left out and no extra work is performed

lowest

Plan Scope Managements - Outputs - Requirements Management Plan Describes how project and product requirements will be analyzed, documented, and _______ Also refered to as business _____ plan

managed analysis

Define Scope - Inputs - EEFs 1. org culture 2. infrastructure 3. personnel administration 4.

marketplace conditions

Define Scope - TTs - Decision Making Decision-making technique that can be used in this process includes _______-criteria decision analysis. A technique that uses decision matrix to provide a systematic analytical approach for establishing criteria - requirements, schedule, budget, and resources

multicriteria

The requirements management process starts with a _____ assessment - it may begin in portfolio planning, program planning, or discrete project

needs

Collect Requirements - TTs- Prototypes method of:

obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a model of the expected product before actually building it

Adaptive Life cycle = HIGH levels of change and _____ stakeholder engagement Product Backlog created: set of requirements and work to be performed

ongoing

Control Scope - Inputs - Project Management Plan 1. Scope management plan 2. Requirements Management Plan 3. change management plan 4. configuration management plan 5. Scope Baseline 6. P_____ _____ baseline - compared to actual results to determine if change is necessary

performance measurement

Completion of the product scope is measured against ___

product requirement

Completion of Project Scope is measured against the _____

project management plan

Define Scope - Outputs - Project Scope Statement description of

project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints

Create WBS - Key Benefit:

provides a framework of what has to be delivered. Performed ONCE or at predefined points in the project

Control Scope - Inputs - OPAs 1. existing formal and informal scope, policies, and procedures, guideline 2. monitoring and r_______ methods and _____ to be used

reporting, templates

Control Scope - controlling the project scope ensures all :

requested changes and recommended corrective or preventive actions are processed through the Perform Integrated Change Control process

Collect Requirements - Input - Agreements can contain project and product _______

requirements

Plan Scope Management - Inputs - Project Charter documents the project purpose, high- level description, assumptions, constraints, and high level requirements the project is intended to _______

satisfy

Control Scope - Outputs- Change Requests analysis of project performance may result in change request to the _____ and ____ baselines of project management plan

scope and scheduling

Create WBS - Outputs- Scope Baseline approved version of the ______ _______, WBS, and its associated WBS dictionary.

scope statement

Define Scope - TTs- Product Analysis Can be used to define products and ______. includes asking questions and forming answers to describe the use, characteristics, and other aspects of what is to be delivered

services

Plan Scope Management - Outputs - Scope Management Plan 1. preparing project scope statement 2. enables the creation of WBS from detailed project scope statement 3. establishes how the scope baseline will be approved and maintained 4. Can be formal or informal, broad or detailed - based on needs of project

specifies how formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables will be obtained

Validate Scope - Outputs - Accepted Deliverables deliveries that meet the acceptance criteria are formally signed off and approved by the customer OR _______

sponsor

Define Scope - Outputs- Project Documents Updates 1. assumptions log 2. requirements documentations 3. requirements traceability matrix 4. ______ register

stakeholder

Collect Requirements - Inputs- Project Management Plan 1. Scope Management Plan - how scope will be defined and developed 2. Requirements Management Plan - how requirements will be collected, analyzed, and documented 3.

stakeholder engagement plan - understand stakeholder communications requirements and stakeholder engagement to adapt level of stakeholder involvement

Plan Scope Managements - TTs - Meetings Attendees may include the: 1. project manager 2. project sponsor 3. team members 4.

stakeholders

Validate Scope - Outputs - Work Performance Information Includes information about project process such as which deliverables have been accepted and this information is communicated to ______

stakeholders

Forms of representing WBS Structure: 1. phases of project life cycle as the second level of decomposition - product and project deliverables in third level 2. major deliverables 2nd level of decomposition 3. incorporating ________ that may be developed by org outside project team - contracted work

subcomponents

Collect Requirements - TTs - Context Diagram. Example: Scope Model Show a business _____ and how people and other systems interact with it.

system

Control Scope - Input - Project Documents 1. lessons learned register 2. requirements documentation - used to detect any deviation in the agreed upon scope 3. requirements ___ _____ - helps to detect the impact of any change from scope baseline on project objectives

traceability matrix

Control Scope - Outputs - Project Documents Updates 1. lessons learned register- techniques that are efficient and effective in controlling scope, variances and actions needed 2. Requirements documentations 3. Requirements ___________ ______________ - updated to reflect updates in requirement documentation

traceability matrix

Validate Scope - Inputs - Project Documents 1.lessons learned register 2. quality reports 3. requirements documentation - compare actual results to determine if change is needed 4. requirements ____ _____

traceability matrix - info about requirements including how they'll be validated

Validate Scope - Output - Project Documents Updates 1. lessons learned register 2. requirements documentations - interest when actual results are better than requirement results 3. requirements _____ ______

traceability matrix - updated with methods used and outcomes

Plan Scope Managements - Outputs - Requirements Management Plan Components of requirements management plan can include: 1. how requirements will be planned, tracked, and reported 2. How changes will be initiated, tracked, approved, authorized, etc. 3. Prioritization Process 4. Metrics used to rationale 5.

traceability structure - traceability matrix

before being baseline, requirements need to be ____ (measurable and testable), complete, consistent, and accepted by ________

unambigiuous stakeholders

A baseline can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison while performing ______ and _____

validate scope and control scope

Validate Scope - TTs- Decision Making an example of decision making in this process is v____

voting.

Validate Scope - TTs - Inspection Include activities such as measuring, examining, and validating to determine whether work and deliverables meet requirements and product acceptance criteria. Inspections are sometimes called: reviews, product reviews, or _____

walkthroughs