Chapter 5

A high school in Alabama suspended one of its students, John, on grounds of vandalism of school property. When the matter reached the court, the defense argued that John should be entitled to a fair trial in accordance with the _____ to the U.S. Constitution.

Fifth amendment

Government and law enforcement officials can conduct a search on personal property only if they have a court issued search warrant. This right is given to the U.S. citizens by the _____ to the Constitution.

Fourth amendment

Which of the following statements best explains federalism?

It is a system of government in which the authority to govern is divided between federal and state governments.

According to the __________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, all powers that the Constitution neither gives exclusively to the federal government nor takes from the states are reserved for the states.

Tenth

Which provision of the U.S. Constitution is the primary source of authority for federal regulation of business?

The Commerce Clause.

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects freedom of religion, press, speech, and peaceable assembly?

The First Amendment.

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects citizens from "unreasonable searches and seizures"?

The Fourth Amendment.

Which provision of the U.S. Constitution prohibits states from discriminating against citizens of other states when those nonresidents engage in "ordinary and essential" activities?

The Privileges and Immunities Clause.

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides that in light of the need for a well-regulated militia for security, the government cannot infringe on citizens' right to bear arms'?

The Second Amendment.

The U.S. Constitution allocates specific powers to each branch of government to keep the other branches from dominating under the system of

checks and balances

The government of a state in the United States, as a means to protect its local pharmaceutical industry, passes a law to ban drugs manufactured by pharmaceutical companies headquartered outside its state's limits. Pharmaceutical companies can challenge the legislation as a violation of the

dormant commerce clause

The U.S. Constitution establishes a system of government based on the principle of __________, according to which the authority to govern is divided between federal and state governments.

federalism

The _____ requires that courts in all states uphold contracts and public acts established in other states, as long as they do not violate their public policy.

full faith and credit clause

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution

gives the right to limited free speech.

The commerce clause

grants the federal government the authority to pass regulations that significantly affect interstate commerce.

A shipping corporation supporting the campaign of an Ohio congressman for the post of governor would be protected by the First Amendment under the category of

political speech.

The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

prevents states from denying the equal protection of the laws to any citizen.

Haru, a successful restaurateur from New York, wanted to expand his business to Houston, Texas. He was, however, unable to get a license from the regulatory authorities in Houston on the grounds that he was a nonresident. This is a blatant violation of the

privileges and immunities clause.

The Chinese constitution

prohibits citizens from engaging in political acts against the government.

The Supremacy clause

provides that any state or local law that directly conflicts with the U.S. Constitution or federal laws is void.

A(n) __________ taking, entitling a property owner to just compensation, occurs when a regulation deprives the property owner of all economically beneficial uses of the land

regulatory

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a ban on a dietary supplement following research showing its role in elevation of harmful free radicals in the human body. If a Tennessee law permitted the usage of this supplement in the state, it would be a violation of the _____.

supremacy clause

The Constitutional provision which requires all state courts to uphold contracts and public acts enacted in other states is called

the Full Faith and Credit Clause.

Under the Fifth Amendment, a government may take private property for public use under

the takings clause.

Courts apply the Bill of Rights to business corporations because they are

treated as artificial persons