Chapter 5

What are the six categories when looking at data for cultural assessments?

1. Ethnic or racial background 2. Language and communication patterns 3. Cultural values and norms 4. Biocultural factors 5. Religious beliefs and practices 6. Health beliefs and practices

Enculturation

: Socialization with the family or significant group

Ethnic Group

A collection of people who have common origins and a shared culture and identity; may share a common geographic origin, race, language, religion, traditions, values and food preferences.

Cultural Diversity

A variety of cultural patterns coexist within a designated geographic area. Occurs between cultures and continents as well as within countries (including the United States)

Transcultural Community Health Nursing Principles

Being willing to examine one's own culture carefully to become aware that alternative viewpoints are possible Attempting to understand the meaning other people derive from their culture and appreciating their culture is important and useful to them. Understanding and appreciating Intraethnic Variations

Ethnocentrism

Belief and feeling that one's only culture is best. Reflects our tendency to judge others' methods as inferior, ignorant or irrational.

Race

Biologically designated groups of people whose distinguishing features: skin color are inherited.

Values

a notion or idea designating relative worth or desirability

Folk Medicine

ody of preserved treatment practices that has been handed down verbally from generation to generation

Name the Five characteristics shared by all cultures which are especially pertinent to nursing efforts to improve community health.

Culture is Learned Culture is Integrated Culture is Shared Culture is Mostly Tacit Culture is Dynamic

What is the biomedical view of ethno-culutral health care practices?

Dominated by Western Culture, relies on scientific principles and sees diseases and injuries as events controlled by physical and biochemical processes that can be manipulated through medication, surgery and other treatments. Presume that science is value free and not constructed by social norms of the cultural group Examples of core beliefs: Elements such as bacteria, fungi or viruses all cause illness Lack of certain elements can cause disease (Calcium--osteoporosis, Iron--anemia, etc.) Removal of organs that are diseased or treat falls or accidents

What is the Magico-religious view?

Focus on the control of health and illness by supernatural forces. Belief that diseases occur as a result of committing sins or going against God's will. Good health is a gift from God and illness is a form of punishment that affords an opportunity to be forgiven and to realign oneself with God. Religious beliefs and how these factors interface with feelings of wellness and specific healing practices are personal and important to clients and cannot be separated from their culture.

Ethnicity

Group of qualities that mark one's association with a particular ethnic group or who share cultural and/or physical characteristics including one or more of the following: history , political system, religion, language, geographical origin, traditions, myths, behaviors, foods, genetic similarities and physical features.

Culture is A product of aggregated behavior, not ____________ habit.

Individual

Folk Medicine and Home Remedies:

Many of these treatments came about as a means of providing health care to family members when no medical care was available or deemed affordable.

Herbalism

Many use OTC products for therapeutic or preventive purposes.

Cultural Self-Awareness

Recognizing the values, beliefs and practices that make up one's own culture. Also includes becoming sensitive to the impact of one's culturally based response

Culture

Refers to the beliefs, values and behavior that are shared by members of a society and provides a design or "roadmap" for living

Sub-Cultures

Relatively large aggregates of people within a society who share separate distinguishing characteristics, such as ethnicity, occupations, religion, geographic area, age, gender or sexual preference.

How to Cultivate Cultural Sensitivity:

Requires recognizing that culturally based values, beliefs and practices influence people's health and lifestyles and need to be considered in plans for service. Failure to recognize these differences can lead to a breakdown in communication and ineffective care Nurses must make an effort to understand your client's points of view. Standing in your client's shoes to see the world from their eyes is critical. Actively deciding to choose to avoid ethnocentrism

Ethnorelativisim

Seeing all behavior in a cultural context. View this as a continuum process of becoming.

Micro-Cultures

Systems of cultural knowledge characteristic of subgroups within larger society. Usually share much of what they know with everyone in the greater society but possess a special cultural knowledge that is unique to the subgroup

What is the holistic view of ethno-cultural health care practices?

View the world as being in harmonious balance For an individual to be healthy, all facets of the individual's nature—physical, mental, emotional and spiritual must all be in balance Some cultural groups believe that all things in creation of the universe have a spirit and therefore are considered equal in value, purpose and contribution. Belief that persons are extensions and integrated with family, community, tribe and the universe.

Is culture learned

YES

Culture is mostly tacit-Provides a guide for human interaction that is tacit—mostly unexpressed and at the unconscious level. These _____________ are done without talking about them—cues to behavior

behaviors