Chapter 5: Muscles and Tendons

What is smooth muscle?

Voluntary, striated muscle tissue attached to bones

A(n) ____ is muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis.

contracture

Deconstruct the term myoglobin

my/o/glob/in

The root in the word latissimus means

wide

Voluntary muscle is a muscle that is under the control of the ____. will system bone tissue

will

The prefix 'con' in the term contract means _____. with In any order together

with together

The root in the term rehabilitation means

work.

The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the calf join and insert into the heel bone by way of the ______ ________

Achilles or calcaneal tendon

Which anterior arm muscle flexes the forearm at the elbow? Biceps brachii only Brachialis only Biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis all flex the forearm Brachialis and biceps brachii but not brachioradialis

Biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis all flex the forearm

Tenosynovitis differs from tendinitis in what way? In tenosynovitis, the tendon and its synovial sheath are inflamed. Only the tendon is inflamed in tenosynovitis. Only the synovial sheath is inflamed in tenosynovitis. The tendon and its synovial sheath are always both inflamed in tendinitis.

In tenosynovitis, the tendon and its synovial sheath are inflamed.

What is smooth muscle?

Involuntary, nonstriated muscle tissue found within the walls of the uterus and digestive tract organs

What is cardiac muscle?

Involuntary, striated muscle tissue found only within the walls of the heart

Select the interventions performed by occupational therapists in the rehabilitation setting. Prescribe orthotics for the foot and ankle Retrain patients in ADLs and IADLs Administer medication to patients Fabricate and train patients in use of adaptive equipment

Retrain patients in ADLs and IADLs Fabricate and train patients in use of adaptive equipment

Select the correct statements regarding the structures of the leg, ankle, and foot. The Achilles tendon attaches the gastrocnemius to the calcaneus. The muscles in the front of the leg extend the toes and bend the foot up (dorsiflex it) at the ankle. The muscles on the lateral leg invert the foot at the ankle joint. The posterior leg muscles plantarflex the foot and flex the toes.

The Achilles tendon attaches the gastrocnemius to the calcaneus. The muscles in the front of the leg extend the toes and bend the foot up (dorsiflex it) at the ankle. The posterior leg muscles plantarflex the foot and flex the toes.

Select the correct statements regarding skeletal muscle origins and insertions. The insertion of a muscle is the bone that moves during muscle contraction. The origin of a muscle is the bone that moves during muscle contraction. A skeletal muscle can have more than one origin. A skeletal muscle can have more than one insertion.

The insertion of a muscle is the bone that moves during muscle contraction. A skeletal muscle can have more than one origin. A skeletal muscle can have more than one insertion.

Select the correct statements about the abduct and adduct. The prefixes ab- and ad- have opposite meanings. Adductors move a body part toward midline. Abductors move limbs away from the midline of the body. Gluteus medius and minimus are thigh adductors. They are thigh abductors. Adductor muscles are found on the inner surface of the thigh. Abduction is movement of a body part toward midline.

The prefixes ab- and ad- have opposite meanings. Adductors move a body part toward midline. Abductors move limbs away from the midline of the body. Adductor muscles are found on the inner surface of the thigh.

Movement of a body part toward midline is called

abduct

If something is __________, it is causing action or change.

active

The term prosthesis is Greek for a(n) __​_.

addition

Surgical procedures performed in an outpatient facility where an overnight stay is not required are called ______ procedures.

ambulatory or outpatient

Deconstruct the term amputation.

amput-ation

Removal of a limb, part of a limb, or other projecting body part is a(n)

amputation

The compounds known as __________ __________ are altered forms of the male hormone testosterone. They are often used illegally by athletes who want a competitive advantage in their chosen sport.

anabolic steroids

Deconstruct the term antimetabolite.

anti/metabol/ite

An agent that replaces or inhibits a specific part of a cell's metabolism is a(n)

antimetabolite

The abbreviation BKA stands for _____ the knee amputation

below

The root in the term gluteal means

buttocks or buttock

Which wrist disorder causes pins and needles in the hand, weakness of the thumb side of the hand, and thenar muscle atrophy?

carpal tunnel syndrome

What sheets hold your muscle fibers together and connect the muscles to your bones?

connective tissue.

What does the root word element in peristalsis mean?

constrict

The Latin term muscle is tissue consisting of cells that can

contract

What term means to draw together or shorten?

contract

Physical therapy includes range of motion exercises to prevent ______ of joints

contracture

The root in the term orthotic means

correct

A muscle _________ is a sudden, short, painful contraction of a muscle or group of muscles.

cramp

The prefix in the term dystrophy means

difficult bad

Duchenne muscular_______ is a condition characterized by symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles.

dystrophy

The forearm is bigger nearer the _____ because that is where the bulk of the forearm muscles are located.

elbow

The connective tissue that holds skeletal muscles in place and form tendons is called _____

fascia

What is the Latin term that means strand or filament?

fiber

Bundles of skeletal muscle cells are often called muscle

fibers

The disorder that causes widespread muscle pain, chronic fatigue, and depression is

fibromyalgia.

Tendons and fascia are both made of

fibrous connective tissue.

Substance that causes failure of the immune system is called

immunosuppressed

With a sprain it is a(n) _____ that is stretched or torn, often in the ankle, knee, or wrist.

ligament

The hypothenar eminence is the pad of muscle located near the base of the

little finger.

The general term for muscle disease is

myopathy

The quadriceps femoris muscles are located

on the anterior thigh.

The __________ of a skeletal muscle is its stationary attachment site. Its _________ is its movable attachment site.

origin insertion

Braces and walkers used during recovery are examples of _____ appliances.

orthopedic

A(n) ______ is a specialist who fabricates and fits orthotic appliances, often upon the recommendation of a physical therapist.

orthotist

Seventy-five percent of all amputations are preformed on people over 65 years of age with ______ vascular disease.

peripheral

Smooth muscle powers the movement of food through the digestive system via ______.

peristalsis

The term for waves of alternate constriction and relaxation in a tube is

peristalsis

An artificial part to remedy a defect in the body is a(n)

prosthetic

Myoglobin is

protein of muscle that stores and transports oxygen.

Deconstruct the term quadriceps femoris.

quadri/ceps femor/is

Deconstruct the term rehabilitation.

re/habilitat/ion

The root in the term rehabilitation means

restore

The suffix in the term contracture means

result of

What large tendon originates from the shoulder joint and inserts into the humerus?

rotator cuff

Another name for the pectoral girdle is

shoulder girdle.

The term that means pertaining to the skeleton is

skeletal

Injury or tearing of a ligament is called a(n)

sprain

What are alternating dark and light bands of protein filaments in muscle fibers that are responsible for muscle contraction?

striations

The combining form in the term tenosynovitis means

tendon

The dorsum of the hand is

the back of the hand.

The ventral surface of a body part is on the same side as

the belly.

The forearm is bigger near the elbow because _____.

the forearm muscles are fleshy and bulky.

On the palmar surface, the prominent pad of muscle near the thumb is the ________ eminence. The pad of muscle near the fifth finger is the _________ eminence.

thenar hypothenar

The thenar eminence is the prominent pad of muscle near the

thumb

The root in the term deltoid means

triangle