Chapter 5: Nationalism and Populism

Recent presidential elections also show that political tribes have increasingly formed along which lines?

Racial and ethnic

People classifying themselves as which of the following tend to oppose a political system where power is shared between wide arrays of people from different social, cultural, and political backgrounds?

Anti-pluralists

Populism

Both left-wing and right-wing populists are perceived by their respective political bases as faithful champions of the "people" fighting against a corrupt ruling establishment. Where they differ is in how they identify the root causes of political corruption and in how they define the "ruling establishment."

What is one political difference between western Europe and central and eastern Europe?

Central and eastern Europe were under Soviet watch until the late 1980s.

European Union

It appears that the notion of a "European identity" has been reconceptualized by nationalist-populist parties. They rally against the European Union and its institutions in Brussels, who they feel are denying national identities and allowing national decisions to be made by international organizations.

Which institution do European nationalist-populist parties rally against, who they feel are denying national identities and allowing national decisions to be made by international organizations?

European Union

Refugees and immigration

Extreme political parties in Germany, France, and Italy have emerged and have been extremely critical of the influx of refugees and immigrants coming into their countries.

Between 2014 and 2017, which country topped the list of "asylum application accepting countries" when it accepted nearly 950,000 asylum seekers, making it the most welcoming country in Europe?

Germany

Germany

Germany accepted the most asylum seekers between 2014 and 2017. To put this in perspective, the next nine countries on the list, when added together, do not even come close to Germany's acceptance rate.

Which eastern European country has had an estimated 1 million people emigrate (leave) since 2007—roughly one-tenth of their population?

Hungary

Today's populists are particularly adept at political messaging that pits some racial and ethnic groups against others. This reflects their practice of what kind of politics?

Identity politics

Identity politics

Identity politics is the tendency to form political alliances based on one's race, gender, ethnicity, or sexual orientation.

Poland

In Poland, the Law and Justice leaders' approach is to demonstrate to their supporters that the economy will continue to grow if and only if outsiders are prevented from entering Poland. In other words, it is a dangerous mix of nationalism with redistributive policies that seek to give private citizens money that would otherwise go into public institutions.

What kind of populist brands himself as a defender of the working class, challenging self-dealing billionaires who control the political agenda by contributing unlimited amounts of money to political candidates?

Left-wing populist

Left-wing populist

Left-wing populists believe the interests of the people are best served by expanding federal regulations over the private sectors in order to promote equality.

The Arab Spring of 2010-2011, the revolutionary movement that attempted to radically alter the governments of certain states, took place in which regions of the world?

Middle East and North Africa

The rise of which kind of political parties is a backlash against elites, big banks, refugees, and those political leaders who appear to place the well-being of "outsiders" ahead of "their own peoples"?

Nationalist-populist parties

What democratic eastern European country is seeing a rise of the Law and Justice nationalist-populist party that is mixing nationalism with redistributive policies and seeks to give private citizens money that would otherwise go into public institutions?

Poland

Racial and ethnic

Political tribes are increasingly forming along racial and ethnic lines. Political tribalism is being driven in part by the shifting demographic trends in the United States.

A defining characteristic of which of the following is the belief that politics should be framed as a "conflict between the people and the elite"?

Populism

Anti-pluralists

Rather than following the trend of past presidents by attempting to unify the country by stitching together the patchwork of groups that make up our pluralistic democratic society, modern populists, or anti-pluralists, instead seek to attract some groups by alienating others.

In western European countries such as Germany, France, and Italy, nationalist-populist parties have been fiercely critical of which main issue?

Refugees and immigration

What kind of candidate offers a nationalistic message, attacking liberal immigration policies for diluting America's cultural identity and disparaging trade agreements that he believes undercuts US manufacturing and displaces US workers?

Right-wing populist

Right-wing populist

Right-wing populists tend to stress nationalistic and anti-elitist themes and are inclined to believe international organizations, trade agreements, and illegal immigration hurt the nation and its working class.

Hungary

Roughly 1 million Hungarians have emigrated or left the country since 2007. The rise of a political strongman in Hungary with a nativist argument willing to blame foreigners, nongovernmental organizations, minority groups, and political opponents for domestic failures has driven educated, young citizens from this country.

Middle East and North Africa

The Arab Spring took place in certain states in the Middle East and North Africa.

Nationalist-populist parties

The rise of nationalist-populist political parties is a backlash against these groups. It is much easier to condemn than it is to govern. If populist leaders like Orban and Kaczynski do not deliver, then they most likely will be tossed out. The fear, however, is that they are making institutional changes that might prevent them from being removed.

In a tribal way, which political entity has reexerted itself as the dominant voice in global politics?

The state

The state

The state in a tribal way has reexerted itself as the dominant voice in global politics.

Central and eastern Europe were under Soviet watch until the late 1980s.

There is one major difference between western Europe and central and eastern Europe: the tradition of democracy. Following the end of World War II, most of the countries in western Europe created representative democracies and a unique system of government that best reflected their respective national traditions. In central and eastern Europe, it was not representative democracy, but a centrally planned economy directly or indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union. Thus, democracy did not emerge even in an embryonic stage until the late 1980s.