Chapter 5 Nutrition

Key nutritional guidelines for Americans include:

-Limiting intake of saturated and trans fats -Reducing calorie intake

Which of the following are good practices for microwaving food in plastic?

-Vent the container.-Don't allow plastic wrap to touch food.-Check for a "microwave safe" label.

Which of the following diseases and conditions have been linked to the long-term effects of unstable molecules called free radicals?

1. cancer 2. heart disease 3. macular degeneration

We require about 500 mg of salt per day. What is the average consumption of U.S. adults?

3,400 mg

The USDA defines food deserts as low-income areas where at least Blank______ percent of the population has low access to a supermarket or large grocery store, with "low access" defined as a travel distance of more than 1 mile to a store in urban areas and more than 10 miles in rural areas.

33

About what percentage of U.S. college students are estimated to experience food insecurity?

45%

Which of the following statements about minerals in foods are correct?

A balanced diet provides the essential minerals a body requires, They are naturally occurring inorganic substances, They help build strong bones and teeth

Which of the following refers to the dietary guidelines printed on food labels of packaged foods and regulated by the FDA?

Daily Values

To translate DRIs and DGAs into healthy food choices, an individual should follow recommendations from MyPlate, a service of the U.S. ______.

Department of Agriculture (USDA)

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends which of the following?

Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount; limit calories from added sugars

Which of the following statements about cultured meat is accurate?

It is made from animal cells and not from plant-based products that do not contain animal tissue.

There is some empirical evidence that suggests that a gluten-free diet has what effect on those who do not have celiac disease or wheat sensitivity?

It may damage the gut.

Countries with diets shown to protect brain mass include ______.

Japan.Scandinavian countries.Mediterranean countries

The 2010 Affordable Care Act requirements regarding restaurant menu labels include which of the following?

Restaurants with more than twenty locations must provide calorie labeling on their menus.

Which of the following statements regarding front-of-package (FOP) food labels are accurate?

The FDA does not have strict control over FOP labels.

Which statement about the "use by" date of packaged food is true?

The food is no longer safe to eat beyond the "use by" date.

What best describes the relationship between gluten sensitivity and thyroid disease?

There is no clearly established link, but there are specific steps you can take to determine if you may have gluten-related thyroid issues.

Which of the following statements about diet sodas (soft drinks) are true?

They do not contain sugar, They are highly acidic, The contain mold inhibitors.

Identify a true statement about the proponents of genetically modified organisms.

They see genetic modification as a promising agricultural technology that increases crop.

Which of the following are functions of vitamins?

They serve as catalysts for releasing energy from carbohydrates, They help maintain components of the immune, nervous, and skeletal systems, They aid chemical reactions in the body

Proteins are created from various types of_____acids

amino

Substances in food that neutralize the effects of free radicals are known as ______.

antioxidants

Consuming diet sodas (soft drinks) in comparison to regular sodas:

carries a higher risk of kidney problems

Critics of genetic modification argue that such modification:

could destroy natural ecosystems

The DASH Eating Plan was developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. What does the DASH acronym stand for?

dietary apprroaches to stop hypertension

If you are having trouble eliminating waste from your bowels, you should consider incorporating more______in your diet.

dietary fiber

Water assists the body with which of the following functions? (More than one option may be correct.)

digestion, waste-product removal, absorption of nutrients

People should avoid mixing energy drinks with alcohol because the mixture:

disguises the effects of the alcohol and makes drinkers feel sober

Foods that are labeled organic:

do not use synthetic fertilizers or pesticides

Which of the following are among the eight foods that are responsible for 90 percent of food allergies?

eggs, tree nuts, milk

Fast food leads to inflammation from:

endotoxins

What are often lacking from a vegetarian diet that is not planned properly?

energy intake, food diversity

The Food and Nutrition Board's AMDR measurement describes the levels of:

essential nutrients a person should not exceed

Non-digestible plant carbohydrate is called:

fiber

Anisakiasis, which causes GI pain, nausea, and vomiting, is caused by eating raw or undercooked:

fish

A low-income area where more than a third of the population has low access to a supermarket is known by the term:

food desert

Vegetarians need to pay special attention to make sure that their diets provide them with enough:

food diversity

The lack of affordable access to sufficient quality and quantity of healthy food is known as:

food insecurity

Those suffering from celiac disease suffer an immune reaction when they eat:

gluten

Red meat consumption is linked to which of the following?

heart disease, cancer, diabetes

Fats in the diet do which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, provide material for cell membrane, add flavor-and texture to food

In 2015 New York City became the first city to require restaurant menus to warn about food with ______.

high sodium content

Allergic reactions occur because of an overreaction by the body's:

immune system

Consuming too many energy drinks, and therefore too much caffeine (more than 400 mg per day), can contribute to all the following except:

improved focus

Food energy is measured in:

kilocalories

MyPlate promotes which of the following in comparison to current general eating patterns in the United States?

less consumption of added sugars, more consumption of vegetables and fruits, more consumptions of legumes

What percentage of consumers say they would purchase cultured meat?

less than 50%

Which of the following are body functions in which water plays an essential role?

lubricating moving parts, transporting nutrients, temperature regulation

Which of the following refers to the type of minerals our bodies need in daily doses of more than 100 milligrams?

macrominerals

One way that organic farming is beneficial to the environment is that it:

maintains biodiversity of crops

Food wrapped in plastic or in plastic containers when microwaved may cause BPA and PHA to leach into food. This is most likely to happen in what foods?

meats and cheeses

When our bodies transform food into nutrients and wastes, we say this food has been chemically:

metabolized

The six classes of essential nutrients are proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, fats, water, and:

minerals

Red meats pose a higher risk for cancer when they are:

overcooked

The body uses which of the following to build and maintain muscles and other body tissues?

protein

The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee originally developed the DASH Eating Plan to:

reduce high blood pressure.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which promotes brain health, comes mainly from ______.

seafood

Which of the following are included on the Nutrition Facts panel of a food label?

serving size, servings provided, total calories

In persons with celiac disease, over time the reaction of the immune system to gluten causes inflammatory damage to the:

small intestine

Essential nutrients mostly serve as:

sources of energy

Which of the following is a major role of fats?

storing fats

The "Best if used by" date on food packaging is:

the date of peak food quality

Choose MyPlate reminds Americans about maintaining balanced diets by using an illustration that features:

the five food groups

Front-of-package food labels ______.

use more than a dozen symbols and logos.

Organic (carbon-containing) substances that are needed by the body in small amounts are known as:

vitamins

Fast-food meals are typically low in which of the following?

vitamins, minerals, fiber

Symptoms of foodborne illness include which of the following?

vomiting, diarrhea, fever

People can reduce dietary salt intake by focusing on eating_____ foods.

whole