Chapter 5 : Nutrition

Which of the following refers to the dietary guidelines printed on food labels of packaged foods and regulated by the FDA?

Daily Values

The DASH Eating Plan was developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. What does the DASH acronym stand for?

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

The _____ is the amount of nutrients needed by half of the people in any one age group, for example, middle-aged women.

Estimated Average Requirement

Which of the following statements about cultured meat is accurate?

It is made from animal cells and not from plant-based products that do not contain animal tissue.

There is some empirical evidence that suggests that a gluten-free diet has what effect on those who do not have celiac disease or wheat sensitivity?

It may damage the gut.

In 2015 New York City became the first city to require restaurant menus to warn about food with ______.

high sodium content

Allergic reactions occur because of an overreaction by the body's ______.

immune system

Consuming too many energy drinks, and therefore too much caffeine (more than 400 mg per day), can contribute to all the following except ______.

improved focus

Food energy is measured in ______.

kilocalories

What percentage of consumers say they would purchase cultured meat?

less than 50 percent

Organic (carbon-containing) substances that are needed by the body in small amounts are known as ______.

vitamins

People can reduce dietary salt intake by focusing on eating ______ foods.

whole

Countries with diets shown to protect brain mass include ______.

-Mediterranean countries -Scandinavian countries -Japan

Which of the following statements about diet sodas (soft drinks) are true?

-They are highly acidic. -They do not contain sugar. -They contain mold inhibitors.

Which of the following statements about minerals in foods are correct?

-They are naturally occurring inorganic substances. -A balanced diet provides the essential minerals a body requires. -They help build strong bones and teeth.

Which of the following are functions of vitamins?

-They serve as catalysts for releasing energy from carbohydrates. -They help maintain components of the immune, nervous, and skeletal systems. -They aid chemical reactions in the body.

Which of the following are good practices for microwaving food in plastic?

-Vent the container. -Don't allow plastic wrap to touch food. -Check for a "microwave safe" label.

Water assists the body with which of the following functions?

-absorption of nutrients -waste-product removal -digestion

Red meat consumption is linked to which of the following?

-cancer -diabetes -heart disease

Which of the following are among the eight foods that are responsible for 90 percent of food allergies?

-eggs -tree nuts -milk

Symptoms of foodborne illness include which of the following?

-fever -vomiting -diarrhea

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends which of the following?

-focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount -limit calories from added sugars

What are often lacking from a vegetarian diet that is not planned properly?

-food diversity -energy intake

Fats in the diet do which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

-help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins -provide material for cell membranes -add flavor and texture to food

Key nutritional guidelines for Americans include ______.

-limiting intake of saturated and trans fats -reducing calorie intake

Which of the following diseases and conditions have been linked to the long-term effects of unstable molecules called free radicals?

-macular degeneration -cancer -heart disease

Fast-food meals are typically low in which of the following?

-minerals -vitamins -fiber

MyPlate promotes which of the following in comparison to current general eating patterns in the United States?

-more consumption of legumes -more consumption of vegetables and fruits -less consumption of added sugars

Which of the following are included on the Nutrition Facts panel of a food label?

-servings provided -total calories -serving size

Which of the following are body functions in which water plays an essential role?

-transporting nutrients -temperature regulation -lubricating moving parts

We require about 500 mg of salt per day. What is the average consumption of U.S. adults?

3,400 mg

About what percentage of U.S. college students are estimated to experience food insecurity?

45 percent

The 2010 Affordable Care Act requirements regarding restaurant menu labels include which of the following?

Restaurants with more than twenty locations must provide calorie labeling on their menus.

Which of the following statements regarding front-of-package (FOP) food labels are accurate?

The FDA does not have strict control over FOP labels.

Which statement about the "use by" date of packaged food is true?

The food is no longer safe to eat beyond the "use by" date.

What best describes the relationship between gluten sensitivity and thyroid disease?

There is no clearly established link, but there are specific steps you can take to determine if you may have gluten-related thyroid issues.

Identify a true statement about the proponents of genetically modified organisms.

They see genetic modification as a promising agricultural technology that increases crop.

Proteins are created from various types of ______ acids.

amino

Substances in food that neutralize the effects of free radicals are known as ______.

antioxidants

Consuming diet sodas (soft drinks) in comparison to regular sodas ______.

carries a higher risk of kidney problems

Critics of genetic modification argue that such modification ______.

could destroy natural ecosystems

If you are having trouble eliminating waste from your bowels, you should consider incorporating more ______ in your diet.

dietary fiber

People should avoid mixing energy drinks with alcohol because the mixture ______.

disguises the effects of the alcohol and makes drinkers feel sober

Foods that are labeled organic ______.

do not use synthetic fertilizers or pesticides

Fast food leads to inflammation from ______.

endotoxins

Eating carbohydrates allows sugar to quickly enter your bloodstream, giving you ______.

energy

Carbohydrates provide the body with ______.

energy and fuel

The Food and Nutrition Board's AMDR measurement describes the levels of ______.

essential nutrients a person should not exceed

Nondigestible plant carbohydrate is called ______.

fiber

Anisakiasis, which causes GI pain, nausea, and vomiting, is caused by eating raw or undercooked ______.

fish

A low-income area where more than a third of the population has low access to a supermarket is known by the term ______.

food desert

Areas where there are no stores with healthy foods are known as

food deserts

Vegetarians need to pay special attention to make sure that their diets provide them with enough ______.

food diversity

The lack of affordable access to sufficient quality and quantity of healthy food is known as ______.

food insecurity

Based on the sweetness scale, which of the following sugars is the most likely to contribute to health problems such as heart disease and diabetes?

fructose

Fatty liver disease has been linked to consuming ______.

fructose

Those suffering from celiac disease suffer an immune reaction when they eat ______.

gluten

What is the form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles to provide energy at a later time?

glycogen

Glucose can be stored as a complex carbohydrate that is used for future energy needs. This complex carbohydrate is known as

glycogen.

Which of the following refers to the type of minerals our bodies need in daily doses of more than 100 milligrams?

macrominerals

One way that organic farming is beneficial to the environment is that it ______.

maintains biodiversity of crops

Food wrapped in plastic or in plastic containers when microwaved may cause BPA and PHA to leach into food. This is most likely to happen in what foods?

meats and cheeses

When our bodies transform food into nutrients and wastes, we say this food has been chemically ______.

metabolized

The six classes of essential nutrients are proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, fats, water, and ______.

minerals

Red meats pose a higher risk for cancer when they are ______.

overcooked

The body uses which of the following to build and maintain muscles and other body tissues?

protein

The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee originally developed the DASH Eating Plan to ______.

reduce high blood pressure

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which promotes brain health, comes mainly from ______.

seafood

In persons with celiac disease, over time the reaction of the immune system to gluten causes inflammatory damage to the ______.

small intestine

Essential nutrients mostly serve as ______.

sources of energy

Front-of-package food labels ______.

use more than a dozen symbols and logos

Which of the following is a major role of fats?

storing energy

The sugar used as the baseline for the sweetness scale is ______.

sucrose

Which of the following are two types of carbohydrates?

sugars and starches

The "Best if used by" date on food packaging is ______.

the date of peak food quality

Choose MyPlate reminds Americans about maintaining balanced diets by using an illustration that features ______.

the five food groups