Chapter 5 pathology

Osteoarthritis

Also known as degenerative joint disease (DJD), is a noninflammatory disease characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic bone formation. Is the most common type of arthritis and is considered part of the normal aging process.

tendonitis

Calcific tendonitis of the shoulder is the deposit of calcium hydroxyapatite within tendons, most commonly the rotator cuff. It is thought to be caused by decreased oxygen tension.

impingment syndrome radiograph apperance

On CT or MR, an impingement usually looks like a reduction in distance between to structures.

Rotator cuff pathology radiograph apperance

Over time, this repeated irritation can lead to a complete tear, best visualized by MRI or sonography

tendonitis radiograph apperance

The adjacent tendon may show thickening with some enhancement around the deposit also.

Idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis radiograph apperance

will possibly show calcification or other joint space abnormalities.

Idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

A disability of the shoulder joint that is caused by chronic inflammation in and around the joint. It is characterized by pain and limitation of motion. Idiopathic means of unknown cause

shoulder dislocation anterior radigraph apperance

Anterior dislocations can be further divided according to where the humeral head comes to lie: subcoracoid: most common subglenoid subclavicular intrathoracic: very rare In anterior dislocations, the humeral head comes to lie anterior, medial and somewhat inferior to its normal location and glenoid fossa. Separation between humeral head and glenoid cavity.

Hill sach defect radiograph appearance

Compression fracture and possible anterior dislocation of the humeral head.

Osteoporosis

Condition that causes bones to become weak and brittle as a result of a reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissues. Occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly men and there are usually no symptoms until they have a bone fracture.

Osteoarthritis radiology apperance

Generally, occurs in persons older than 50 years, chronically bariatric persons and athletes.

rheumatoid arthritis radiographic apperance

Loss of joint space bony erosion and bone deformity

shoulder dislocation posterior

When the humeral head is forced posteriorly from the shoulder blade socket.

bursitis

an inflammation of the bursae, or fluid filled sacs enclosing the joints

osteoporosis apperance

appear as a thin bony cortex. It is best seen in AP and lateral shoulder projections.

Bankart lesion is often caused

by anterior dislocation of the proximal humerus. Repeated dislocation may result in a small avulsion fracture in the anteroinferior region of the glenoid rim. Reply Quote Email Author

shoulder dislocartion posterior radiograph apperance

can be missed from an AP projection as the humeral head appears to be normally aligned with the glenoid cavity, whereas an axillary view appears to show the extent of articular surface injury, glenoid injury or ligamentous injury.

AC joint dislocation age group

common in children than adult

Hill Sach Defect

compression fracture of posterolateral aspect of the humeral head that is often associated with an anterior dislocation of the humeral head.

osteoporoisis exposure

decrease

rheumatoid arthritis exposure

decrease is necessary

osteoarthritis exposure

decreases

Bursitis Radiographic Appearance

fluid filled joint space with possible calcification

Bankart lesion

in an injury of the anteroferior aspect of the glenoid labrum.

rheumatoid arthritis

is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet. Rheumatoid arthritis affects joint linings, causing painful swelling. Over long periods of time, the inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis can cause bone erosion and joint deformity.

impegment syndrome

is a mechanical entrapment or encroachment of any soft tissue involved with a joint. It usually presents with a painful reduction of movement in the affected joint. Impingement typically doesn't show up on x-ray's because the soft tissue can't be visualized, but there could be a bone spur causing the impingement that can be seen on x ray.

shoulder dislocation anterior

is an injury in which the bone of the upper arm, called the humerus, is dislocated from the shoulder joint in an anterior, or forward direction. The shoulder joint, which is the most flexible joint in the body, is formed by the humerus, scapula (shoulder blade), and the clavicle (collarbone) coming together. Normally, the upper head of the humerus sits nicely in the glenoid cavity, which a concave structure on the scapula.

Rotator Cuff Pathology

is the acute or chronic injury to one or more rotator cuff muscles. This injury will limit the range of motion of the shoulder. The most common injury is the impingement of the supraspinatus tendon as it passes a bone spur underneath the acromion.

AC joint seperation represent

more than half of the athletic injuries, usually by a fall onto the tip of the shoulder with the arm in adduction.

AC joint seperation exposure

no exposure change

shoulder dislocation posterior exposure

no exposure change

AC joint dislocation exposure

no exposure factor

Hill Sach Defect exposure

none

Idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis exposure

none

Rotator Cuff Pathology exposure

none

bankart lesion exposure factor

none

bursitis exposure

none

impingment syndrome exposure

none

shoulder dislocation anterior radiograph appearance

none

tendonitis exposure factor change

none

AC joint dislocation

refers to an injury in which the distal clavicle usually is displaced superiorly.

AC joint separation

refers to the trauma to the upper shoulder region resulting in a partial or complete tear of the AC or CC ligaments or both.