Chapter 5: Public Policing and Private Security

Which federal agency is not a police agency, but an investigative agency with jurisdiction over all law enforcement matters in which the United States is or may be an interested party?

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Which of the following are among the responsibilities of the United States Marshals?

Fugitive apprehension Judicial security Witness security Prisoner operations

During the 1970s, increased federal government support for criminal justice greatly influenced police operations, and the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) devoted a significant portion of its funds to police agencies. What did that money go for?

Helped thousands of officers further their college education Purchases of little-used hardware, such as antiriot gear Supporting innovative research on police work and advanced training of police officers Import or transfer technology originally developed in other fields into law enforcement

Which of the following is ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) responsible for?

Homeland Security Investigations Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO)

What was the first major technological breakthrough during the second half or the nineteenth century?

Implementation of the telegraph to policing

Which of the following is true of the political era of policing (1840-1920)?

Individuals with the right connections could be hired despite a lack of qualifications. Politics determined the recruitment of new officers. Politics determined the promotion of supervisors. Early police agencies were corrupt, brutal, and inefficient. Politics dominated the departments.

Around the turn of the twentieth century, a number of nationally recognized leaders called for measures to help improve and professionalize the police. In 1893, what entity was formed that would become the leading voice for police reform?

International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)

In Boston, in the mid-nineteenth century, amateur bounty hunters who were hired by victims to apprehend thieves (thief takers) were replaced by the establishment of what?

A detective bureau

The modern police department was born out of the urban mob violence that wracked the nation's cities in the nineteenth century. Which city was the first to create a formal, United States police department?

Boston

Which federal entity has jurisdiction over illegal sale, importation, and criminal misuse of firearms and explosives?

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)

Which of the following are among the duties of the FBI?

Collect and maintain a vast fingerprint database. Operate a national threat-warning system to distribute important terrorism alert bulletins. Publish an annual compilation of crime data.

A law enforcement program that seeks to integrate officers into the local community to reduce crime and gain good community relations, typically involving personalized service and decentralized policing, citizen empowerment, and an effort to reduce community fear of crime, disorder, and decay, is known as what?

Community policing

As the 1980s began, the police role seemed to be changing significantly. A number of experts acknowledged that the police were not simply crime fighters and called for police to develop a greater awareness of community issues. Which policing concept emerged as a result of these developments?

Community policing

The use of computer mapping software that is used to map geographic "hot spots" where a majority of predatory crimes are concentrated, translating addresses into map coordinates and allowing departments to identify problem areas for particular crimes, is called what?

Crime mapping

Which agency is responsible for protecting our nation's borders?

Customs and Border Protection (CBP)

In an effort to identify crime patterns and link them to suspects, many departments use computer software to conduct analysis of behavior patterns. This is referred to as what?

Data mining

Where did British Home Secretary Sir Robert "Bobbie" Peel organize law enforcement by pushing through the Metropolitan Police Act?

London

Which of the following is true of the police force created by the Metropolitan Police Act?

Members were unsuccessful at stopping crime. It was initially composed of more than 1,000 men. Members wore distinctive uniforms. Members were influenced by the wealthy. Many of the members were corrupt. It was structured along military lines. In the early years, nearly one-third of the officers were dismissed each year.

Historically speaking, an early form of American law enforcement in which volunteers were organized into groups that patrolled their community from dusk to dawn to keep the peace was referred to as what?

Night watch system

Crime prevention, detection, and the apprehension of criminals carried out by private organizations or individuals for commercial purposes is referred to as what?

Private policing

In early England, shires, which resembled the counties today, were controlled by the shire reeve, who was appointed by the Crown or local landowner to supervise the territory and ensure that order would be kept. The shire reeve soon began to pursue and apprehend law violators as part of his duties. What was this a forerunner of in modern United States policing?

Sheriff

Which of the following are among the responsibilities of the United States Secret Service?

Telemarketing fraud investigations Investigating counterfeit currency Investigating identity crimes Protection of the president of the United States

Which of the following statements accurately describe policing in the 1960s?

The U.S. Supreme Court handed down a number of decisions designed to control police operations and procedures. Civil unrest produced a growing tension between police and the public.

Which of the following are among Sir Robert Peel's principles of policing?

The basic mission for which police exist is to prevent crime and disorder. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it. Police seek and preserve public favor not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law. The degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force.

Which of the following are among the reasons that private policing has become so popular?

The growth of mass private property A preference for nongovernmental provision of important services