Chapter 5 Quiz

To measure or predict attachment behavior in a 3-month-old infant, a parent plays with him and then shifts to an unresponsive, unexpressive face. This is called the _____-_____ Paradigm?

Still-Face

The infant's reaction to the mother and a stranger entering/leaving the room is part of a procedure called the ___________ Situation.

Strange

Selective attrition is a greater problem with longitudinal research than with cross-sectional research.

True

The issues that the middle-aged face in midlife transition resemble adolescent identity crisis.

True

To study whether nervous children tend to become nervous adults, a longitudinal design is better than a cross-sectional design.

True

If a young developing neuron gets too little excitation, it self-destructs.

true

The idea that some people know something that other people don't is called "theory of __."

mind

The idea that we cope with our fear of death by avoiding thoughts about death and by affirming our worldview, including religious or political beliefs, is known as _________-management theory?

terror

Very young infants pay attention to pictures of faces only if the pictures are highly realistic.

False

Piaget emphasized that children move gradually from one stage to another, and frequently fluctuate among stages.

False

Piaget used the term egocentric to mean "selfish" or "unwilling to share."

False

Suppose we put a colored dot on a child's face. Now the child looks in a mirror. A child who has a "sense of self" will react by pointing to the dot in the mirror

False

The main reason for adolescent risk-taking behaviors is their lack of awareness of danger.

False

Most people experience intense "storm and stress" throughout their adolescent years.

False

Most racially mixed people feel rejected by both groups.

False

The personalities of adopted children correlate highly with those of the adopting parents.

False

A child who fails one of Piaget's conservation tasks will fail them all.

False

An apparent "anxious attachment" in the Strange Situation is the same for Japanese as for American infants.

False

Cohort effects influence longitudinal studies more than they do cross-sectional studies.

False

Infants show no indication of learning or memory before age 2 weeks.

False

Jean Piaget argued that children's thinking is just like that of adults, except that children's thinking is slower and less well informed.

False

Lev Vygotsky emphasized that children have to discover concepts on their own.

False

Men have greater abilities to do well in math than women do.

False

A child sees someone hide a small toy in a tiny room. Now he has to find the larger toy in the full-sized room. Children might/might not find it, depending on how someone words the instructions

True

According to Erik Erikson, someone who has problems at one stage of development will probably continue to have difficulties at later ages.

True

Even month-old infants notice the difference between the sounds "ba" and "pa."

True

Evidence suggests that a history of rice farming leads to a "collectivist" culture .

True

Exercise increases older people's improvements in their memory and cognition.

True

Expressions of anger tend to be more effective in the United States than in Asia.

True

If a cross-sectional study shows a difference between people of different ages, the difference might be due to a cohort effect.

True

Infants start making muscle movements before their sense organs send any messages to the brain.

True

Many of the apparent differences between firstborn and later-born children are really due to differences between small and large families.

True

Men and women differ in their interests more than they do in their abilities.

True

Most children reared by a single parent or by gay or lesbian couples develop about normally

True

On average, men and women are about equal at detecting facial expressions of emotion.

True

People often react to reminders of death by reaffirming their religious and political beliefs.

True

. In Piaget's terminology, modifying a schema to fit a new situation is called ___________?

accommodation

According to Erik Erikson, an identity crisis usually occurs for people during _______?

adolescence

In Piaget's terminology, applying an old schema to a new situation is called __________?

assimilation

A group of people born at a particular time, or a group of people who enter an organization at a particular time, is known as a ______?

cohort

Children who have mastered the conservation tasks, but who have difficulty with abstract or hypothetical ideas, are in Piaget's ______________ stage?

concrete operations

According to Piaget children in the preoperational stage do not understand that someone could rearrange coins without changing their number, or pour a liquid without changing its volume. He therefore said that these children lack the concept of _____________?

conservation

An investigator who compares people of different ages all at the same time, is using a ____design?

cross-sectional

When newborns hear a sound, they increase their sucking. After some repetitions of the sound, their sucking decreases. If sound changes increases their sucking, it produced _________?

dishabituation

According to Piaget, a child who cannot easily take another person's perspective is said to be_______?

egocentric

If a mother drinks much alcohol during pregnancy, her child may have a set of physical and behavioral abnormalities known as __________________ syndrome?

fetal alcohol

. The different roles a society expects of males and females are ___________ roles.

gender or sex

An investigator who follows a single group of individuals year after year is using a _________ design?

longitudinal

Children who understand object permanence, but who do not yet have the concept of conservation, are in Piaget's ______________ stage?

preoperational

Vygotsky emphasized that with appropriate help, children can advance a certain distance beyond what they can do by themselves. He called this distance the zone of __________ development.

proximal

One problem in a longitudinal study is that certain types of people may be more likely than others to drop out. This tendency is known as _____________ attrition?

selective

According to Piaget, children lack the concept of object permanence during the ___________ stage?

sensorimotor

Piaget's first stage, marked by simple responses to current stimuli, is known as the____ stage?

sensorimotor

A research design that combines the advantages of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs is known as ____________________?

sequential