chapter 5

In the context of expectancy theory of motivation, which of the following is true of evaluation systems?​

They are meant to enhance a person's belief that effort will improve performance and therefore lead to better pay.

According to Adams's theory of inequity, which of the following is a strategy for restoring equity?​

Alter a person's inputs​

Which of the following best describes eustress?​

It is a positive response to challenges that generates energy and motivates an individual to achieve.​

Which of the following statements is true of equity theory?​

It is concerned with the social processes that influence motivation and behavior.​

According to Herzberg, which of the following is a difference between motivation factors and hygiene factors?​

Motivation factors relate to job satisfaction, whereas hygiene factors relate to job dissatisfaction.​

Drake, a technical support executive at Zenk Corp., has good managerial skills and a keen interest in organizing team strategies. This earns him a promotion to a senior position where he manages a team of 40 people. According to Maslow's need hierarchy theory, which of the following needs is fulfilled for Drake?​

Self-actualization needs​

In the context of Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is true of hygiene factors?​

They are important to a certain level but unimportant beyond that threshold.​

In the context of Amitai Etzioni's categories of exchange relationships, which of the following statements is true of alienated relationships?​

They have high negative intensity.​

According to McClelland, which of the following is true of people with a high need for achievement?​

They set goals that are moderately difficult yet achievable.

Expectancy theory attributes motivational problems to:​

disbelief in a relationship between effort and performance.

McGregor's Theory X assumptions are appropriate for:​

employees motivated by lower-order needs.​

Adams's theory of inequity suggests that people are motivated when they:​

find themselves in situations of unfairness.​

Joe has a keen interest in his present job, but he does not get along with his boss, Martin. Martin never appreciates Joe's achievements and gives him unreasonable targets to meet. This has made Joe unhappy with his job. According to Herzberg's Theory, which of the following is a reason for Joe's job dissatisfaction?​ ​Motivation factors

hygiene factors

The idea of encouraging eustress is to focus on an individual's:​

interpretation of or response to events.​

According to McClelland, high achievers:​

often hope and plan for success.​

Clayton Alderfer's regression hypothesis suggests that:​

people are frustrated by their inability to meet needs at the next higher needs in the hierarchy; hence, they regress to the next lower category of needs.​

Managers can make the most of Maslow's need hierarchy for success in their teams by:​

recognizing that each individual has a unique set of needs and therefore gearing incentives to meet various needs.

Frederick Taylor, the founder of scientific management, examined labor efficiency and effectiveness. His goal was to change:​

the relationship between management and labor from one of conflict to one of cooperation.​

Adam Smith formulated the invisible hand and the free market to explain the motivation for individual behaviors. The invisible hand refers to:​

the unseen forces of a free market system that shape the most efficient use of people, money, and resources for productive ends.​

In the context of Maslow's need hierarchy, the progression hypothesis suggests that:​

​people progress up the hierarchy as they successively gratify each level of need.