Chapter 5 smart book

In which year did the Supreme Court rule that forced busing violated student's constitutional right to equal protection under the law?

2007

According to United States government statistics, roughly ______ percent of Black children live in poverty, compared to ______ percent of white children.

35/12

Despite the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s ______ percent of black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely black.

95

Which of the following accurately describes Native Americans today?

Casino gambling has raised Native Americans' average income level, but it is still far below the national average. They are less than half as likely as other Americans to have completed college.

Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?

Cesar Chavez

Who was the first woman to run on the national ticket of a major political party?

Geraldine Ferraro

How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal"?

He did not believe there was a precise meaning.

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 entail?

It banned discriminatory voter registration practices. It allowed federal intervention in voter registration in states with a history of discriminating against black voters.

About half of all Hispanics in the United States were born in ______.

Mexico or have Mexican ancestry

Which of the following Native American nations have a majority who speak native languages at home?

Navajo and Pueblo

Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?

Obergefell v. Hodges

Which president appointed the first woman to the Supreme Court?

Ronald Reagan

The Supreme Court ruled that the forced busing of children for the purpose of achieving racially integrated schools was constitutional in ______.

Swan v charlotte

Which of the statements below are true of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program?

The Trump administration's attempt to rescind the program was invalidated by the Supreme Court. The program was established by the Obama administration in 2012.

True or false: The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned segregation in public accommodations such as restaurants and movie theaters, is based on Congress's power to regulate commerce.

True

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the male only admissions policy at the Virginia Military Institute was unconstitutional?

United States v. Virginia

Which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?

Women are not allowed to vote in federal elections. A state requires separate public bathrooms for black and white people.

A company that has a contract with the federal government to construct a road on federal land institutes policies that ensure that its hiring practices are fair and do not exclude members of minority groups. In this way, the company is complying with _____ requirements.

affirmative action

In the unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court found that segregated schools made Black students feel like they had _____ in the community and were thus "inherently unequal."

an inferior status

Asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to ______.

be college educated. have a high median income.

The landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering ______ education in their public schools.

bilingual

Among the laws giving women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting ______

certain employers from paying women less than men for doing the same job.

What is "America's curse," according to the author of An American Dilemma?

discrimination

The 1964 Civil Rights Act banned ______.

discrimination in public accommodations

The promise made by the phrase "all men are created equal" has done which of the following?

inspired a hope for eventual equality been foundational in legal decisions given moral strength to diverse movements

In a 1930s Supreme Court case that challenged the application of the separate-but-equal doctrine, the Court ruled that Blacks ______ public facilities reserved for whites in those cases where they didn't have separate facilities.

must be allowed to use

Southern states used a number of devices to prevent African Americans from voting, including which of the following?

poll taxes whites-only primaries literacy tests

Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ______ test.

strict scrutiny

Concerning age discrimination in employment, the courts have given employers the right to force individuals to retire based on ______.

the nature of the job. the performance of a particular employee.

Which of the following are included in the concept of equal rights, or civil rights?

the right of every person to equal protection under the law equal access to the opportunities society provides equal access to public facilities

What are comparable worth policies?

those that give women and men equal hourly pay for jobs that require similar training and education

The Supreme Court decision in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) ______ affirmative action.

upheld

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 classified which of the following as legally protected groups?

women and minorities

What demographic group is most likely to support same-sex marriage?

younger adults

As part of what movement did advocates for women's suffrage (voting rights) become active on a large scale?

Abolitionist Movement

Which statement best describes the political engagement of most Asian Americans in the 1960s?

Asian Americans were not politically active to any great extent.

What was the first result of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez?

California passed a law giving migrant workers the right to bargain collectively.

In the presidential election following enactment of the Voting Rights Act, Black turnout in the South ____

Increased by 20 percentage points

In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans.

Indian Civil Rights Act

Which of the following statements about African American children in the United States is true?

More than half grow up in a single-parent family.

What is at the heart of many civil rights struggles for equality in the United States?

People hold deep-seated prejudices based on such things as race, color, and religion.

Which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income Americans?

Reasonable Basis Test

At one time, banks engaged in a practice known as ______, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large Black populations.

Redlining

Which landmark Supreme Court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?

The average pay for women workers is only 80 percent of the amount earned by male workers. Jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men.

Which policy requires the federal government to implement measures aimed at reinforcing equal access to employment by mandating recruitment procedures that gave qualified minority workers an equal opportunity to gain government jobs?

affirmative action

The type of discrimination in which, despite legal protections, traditionally disadvantaged groups have fewer opportunities because of prejudice is ______.

de facto discrimination

Which practices were banned as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

discriminatory practices in mortgage lending discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods discriminatory practices in housing

The law refers to the rights of individuals; however, ______.

groups more often fight for civil rights.

Hispanics who have immigrated to the U.S. are generally concentrated ______.

in their states of entry.

Southern states used a number of devices to prevent African Americans from voting, including which of the following?

literacy tests poll taxes whites-only primaries

In a 1947 case, the Supreme Court ruled that because they had no law school for Black students, the University of Oklahoma was ______ to admit Ada Sipuel to its law school.

required

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution was at the center of the argument in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

equal protection clause

What Sioux village has been the site of both a U.S. cavalry massacre of Native Americans and a modern protest?

Wounded Knee

In Rostker v. Goldberg (1980) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of ______ classifications even though such classifications need to be scrutinized more closely than classifications by age or income.

gender