Chapter 5: Smartbook

Which of the following are true of the nervous system?

Conscious nervous system control is voluntary Unconscious nervous system control is involuntary

What occurs when the sympathetic division is stimulated in the fight or flight reaction?

Decreased GI motility Vasoconstriction

Which of the following is true of blood pressure in regards to autonomic nerve function?

Decreased sympathetic activity causes vasodilation Increased sympathetic activity causes vasoconstriction

During a fight or flight reaction, the adrenal medulla releases what into the blood?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

What occurs to the heart when the sympathetic division is activated?

Heart rate increases Contractility is increased

Which of the following control the visceral nerves of the autonomic nervous system?

Hypothalamus Medulla oblongata

Which of the following are true regarding the peripheral nervous system?

It is composed of cranial nerves and spinal nerves It is separated into 2 divisions based on the type of muscle in which the nerves travel to

The nerves of the sympathetic division of the ANS originate from which of the following?

Lumbar nerves Thoracic nerves

Which of the following are true regarding the visceral division of the ANS?

They are regulated by the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata They innervate cardiac and smooth muscles

Identify a difference between parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves.

Unlike sympathetic nerves, parasympathetic nerves do not innervate many blood vessels.

The parasympathetic nerves increase which of the following body functions?

Urination Defecation Digestion

Where are the involuntary smooth and cardiac muscles found?

Walls of the internal organs and glands

The sympathetic postganglionic nerve ending releases:

norepinephrine.

Acetylcholine (ACH) is the neurotransmitter:

of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Smooth muscle of the blood vessels do not receive ____________ intervention

parasympathetic

Neurons that travel from the ganglion to the internal organ form the _____.

postganglionic nerve fiber

Somatic nerves send nerve impulses to:

skeletal muscle.

nerves are branches of cranial and spinal nerves that innervate skeletal muscles.

somatic

Norepinephrine is associated with:

the sympathetic nervous system.

The autonomic nervous system is also known as ___________ nerves

visceral

The nervous system functions at the ______ level(s).

voluntary and involuntary

Somatic nerves are under what type of control

voluntary control

When one division of the nervous system increases the activity of a particular organ while the other decreases the activity is referred to as ______.

dual autonomic innervation

During the fight or flight reaction, the adrenal medulla predominately releases:

epinephrine.

Stimulation of the sympathetic system produces changes that are referred to as the

fight or flight reaction

The normal balance of the body's internal organs, maintained by the ANS, is known as

homeostasis

The visceral division controls ______ actions of the body.

involuntary

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves.

12

In the parasympathetic division there are _____________ main types of cholinergic receptors.

2

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for stimulation of the parasympathetic cholinergic nerves?

Acetylcholine

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released from cholinergic nerves?

Acetylcholine

Which of the following are true regarding efferent and afferent nerves?

Afferent nerves interpret sensory information Efferent nerves initiate motor responses

Which of the following are adrenergic receptors?

Alpha-2 Alpha-1 Beta-2 Beta-1

What is the collection of synapses between the preganglionic and postganglionic nerve fibers called?

Autonomic ganglion

When is the parasympathetic division more active?

During restoration of body energy stores During periods of rest

Which of the following are the two main types of cholinergic receptors?

Muscarinic Nicotinic

In the ANS, what do neurons that emerge from the central nervous system form?

Preganglionic nerve fiber

The nerves of the ANS innervate which of the following muscles?

Smooth Cardiac

Which of the following statements is true of the central nervous system (CNS)?

The CNS initiates appropriate motor responses via the peripheral efferent nerves.

Which of the following statements is true regarding internal organs and glands?

The autonomic nervous system regulates them and they are under involuntary or unconscious control.

Which of the following are true regarding the components of the central nervous system?

The efferent nerves initiate appropriate motor responses The afferent nerves interpret sensory information It consists of the brain and spinal cord

Parasympathetic stimulation causes:

a decrease in heart rate and atrioventricular conduction.

The cholinergic receptors are stimulated by

acetylcholine

The neurotransmitter released at both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia is:

acetylcholine.

In the sympathetic division, the postganglionic neurons release NE to stimulate the receptors.

adrenergic receptors

Sensory information travels from the peripheral organs to the brain and spinal cord through:

afferent nerves

The parasympathetic division is also known as the ___________ division, which represents where its peripheral nerves originate from in the CNS.

craniosacral