Chapter 5 Study Notes

Sophia needs to conduct a survey for the Alumni Association. She takes the list of all the alumni and calls every 10th name on the list. Sophia is best illustrating

Systematic sampling.

. Joe is the director of middle school science education for the state and is interested in differences between teaching science content in thematic units or by teaching the content in the units as presented in the students' text. He randomly selects classrooms in the state to participate. This best illustrates

cluster sampling.

Jack identifies the population for his study on the effects of television violence on children as five year old children who watch television more than 15 hours a week. He has determined the sample size he needs, but has hit a snag. He can't list all the members of his population. It is likely that Jack will employ a ______________ approach.

convenience

Your school district is considering having summer library hours at several elementary schools. These hours will allow children to take out books over the summer. A team of researchers has been hired to determine if the local community supports the cost of the program. The researchers develop a brief survey and go to the local public library on Saturday morning to solicit volunteers to fill out their survey. These researchers are illustrating

convenience sampling.

Jane is conducting a study at a small liberal arts school on the East Coast that addresses the reasons why male college students are less likely to graduate within a four-year time frame than are female students. She would like her study to generalize to all of the college student population in the United States. Given Jane's study which of the following is the accessible population? a) The participants in Jane's study b) The students at small liberal arts schools on the East Coast c) All college students in the United States d) The students at the school from which the participants were sampled

d) The students at the school from which the participants were sampled

Sean knows a lot about racial tensions in public schools. He wants to conduct a quantitative study that examines the current state of affairs in public schools. He contacts two school districts, one that has a history of problems and one that does not randomly selects students from these schools to participate in his study. One concern with the study, however, is that Sean used

purposive sampling.

Max is interviewing education majors at a large University. He tells his graduate assistant to get 5 interviews and to make sure at least one male participates. Max is illustrating

quota sampling.

If all participants in a given sample have an equal and independent chance of being selected for a study it is said that the sample has been selected

randomly.

Ken randomly selected 75 students to participate in his study and then randomly assigned them to one of three conditions. When he examined his groups he found he had very unequal gender by condition. Ken's samples illustrate

sampling error

Ken is conducting a qualitative study for the university regarding the institutional variables that racial and ethnic minority doctoral students face in completing their degrees. Only those students who have completed their degrees in the last five years and may have faced institutional barriers are desired for the study. He feels he needs to interview about 35 graduates. He interviews a small initial sample identified though formal complaints filed regarding the issue. He then asks each of those he interviews to identify any additional participants they can think of and then interviews those individuals until he has reached his sample size. Ken is best illustrating

snowball sampling.

. Some researchers have complained that most of the research that has been conducted with the benefits of animation for student learning has been done on college students enrolled in introductory courses at large research institutions. Assuming this is true what does this problem illustrate?

Convenience sampling

Jill examines the career interest of children of international diplomats. She selects the children of international diplomats from the United States who were in service between 1980 and 1990. The children had to be at least eight years old but less than 16 years old at the time of their parent's service and had to be stationed outside the United States with their diplomat parent for at least 24 continuous months. Jill is using which type of sampling?

Homogeneous sampling

A large marketing firm has decided to do a study that describes the needs of practicing teachers regarding instructional materials. The vice-president wants data from 400 practicing teachers. Shawna, a researcher with the firm, sends a mass mailing and when 400 surveys are returned she analyzes the data. Shawna is best illustrating which sampling strategy?

Quota sampling

Francisco is studying young children's color preferences by age. He is interested in comparing three, four, and five-year old children's color preferences. He is reluctant to use simple random sampling because he wants to assure that he has comparable numbers of children at each age. Which quantitative sampling strategy is the approach for Francisco to use?

Stratified sampling

Which of the following is a type of random sampling? a) Intensity b) Criterion c) Systematic d) Snowball

a) Intensity

Generally, which of the following is NOT suggested for use in quantitative studies? a) Purposive sampling b) Random sampling c) Multistage sampling d) Systematic sampling

a) Purposive sampling

Alexandra is conducting a study on math achievement and wants to collect a sample representative of minority students. She goes to St. Louis inner-city schools because she knows there are a lot of racial and ethnic minorities in these schools. Alexandra is illustrating which of the following? a) Quota sampling b) Purposive sampling c) Convenience sampling d) Systematic sampling

b) Purposive sampling

Jacki is conducting a study that examines the effects of multi-vitamins on common cold symptoms. She hopes to generalize her findings to the school-age population of children in a specified region in her state. She knows the population of children is 9,000. She is going to do a survey study and decides to sample 7000 children. Regarding Jacki's sample we know that

it is substantially too big.

The characteristics of a sample that include pertinent information about the sample, such as gender or socioeconomic status, are referred to as the samples'

demographics

The first step in random sampling is to

identify the population