Chapter 5

Ten kilocalories are equivalent to _______ calories. a) 10,000 b) 0.1 c) 100

a) 10,000

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? a) ATP b) DNA c) sugar d) fat

a) ATP

A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. What will happen when the balloon is submerged in the beaker? a) The volume of water in the beaker will decrease. b) the volume of water in the beaker will increase. c) the amount of glucose in the beaker will decrease.

a) The volume of water in the beaker will decrease.

An enzyme's function is most dependent on it ________. a) shape b) size c) activation energy d) temperature

a) shape

Thee combination of sucrose, sucrase, and water produces sucrase, glucose, and fructose. Which component of the reaction is the substrate? a) sucrose b) fructose c) glucose d) sucrase

a) sucrose

Humans convert approximately ________ of the energy stored in food to useful work. a) 22% b) 34% c) 55% d) 99.9%

b) 34%

Which statement about an enzyme is TRUE? a) an enzyme is used up in chemical reactions b) An enzyme's function depends on tis three-dimensional shape c) An enzyme works on a broad range of substrates d) An enzyme becomes another enzyme after a reaction

b) An enzyme's function depends on tis three-dimensional shape

The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ______ site. a) substrate b) active c) inhibition d) lactase

b) active

Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing _____________. a) kinetic energy into potential energy b) chemical energy into kinetic energy c) kinetic energy into chemical energy d) chemical energy into potential energy

b) chemical energy into kinetic energy

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by _________. a) increasing the temperature of the substrates b) decreasing activation energy c) taking energy from reactants and transferring it to products d) binding to a substrate imposter

b) decreasing activation energy

Which of the following is a measure of randomness is a system? a) chemical energy b) entropy c) calorie d) potential energy

b) entropy

what molecules are scientists currently trying to use to generate power for nanotechnology devices, such as microscopic robots? a) cell membrane b) enzymes c) DNA d) lipids

b) enzymes

Substances that plug up an enzyme's active site are enzyme _______. a) products b) inhibitors c) catalysts d) substrates

b) inhibitors

A cell that neither gains nor loses a net amount of water at equilibrium when it is immersed in a solution is ________. a) hypertonic to its environment b) isotonic to its environment c) metabolically inactive d) hypotonic to its environment

b) isotonic to its environment

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______. a) cellular synthesis b) metabolism c) kinetic energy d) conservation of energy

b) metabolism

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient. a) energy; down b) transport proteins; down c) transport proteins against

b) transport proteins; down

_______ occurs when a white blood cell engulfs a bacterium. a) Osmosis b) Exocytosis c) Phagocytosis d) Diffusion

c) Phagocytosis

When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ______. a) exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane b) exhibit a net movement to the side with higher water concentration c) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration

c) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration

A boulder at the top of a hill contains _______ energy. a) conserved b) kinetic c) potential d) no

c) potential

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference? a) expulsion of water by the plant cell's central vacuole b) inability of water to cross a plant cell membrane c) relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall d) impermeability of the plant cell wait to water

c) relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall

Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely _______. a) force the cell to rely on lipids for energy b) force the cell to reply on ADP for energy c) result in cell death d) have no effect on the cell

c) result in cell death

The combination of sucrose, sucrase, and water produces sucrase, glucose, and fructose. Which component of the reaction is the enzyme? a) glucose b) frutose c) sucrase d) sucrose

c) sucrase

Which of these molecules spontaneously form membranes when mixed in water and most likely were one of the first organic compounds formed on Earth? a) RNA b) enzymes c) DNA d) Phospholipids

d) Phospholipids

The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ________. a) entropy b) cellular respiration c) conservation of heat d) conservation of energy

d) conservation of energy

An object at rest has no _______ energy, but it may have _______ energy resulting from its location or structure. a) potential; kinetic b) kinetic; heat c) chemical; potential d) kinetic; potential

d) kinetic; potential

Diffusion is an example of__________. a) active transport b) endocytosis c) phagocytosis d) passive transport

d) passive transport

Energy can be defined as _______________. a) a measure of calories b) the capacity to cause movement c) a measure of disorder d) the capacity to cause change

d) the capacity to cause change

Osmosis can be defined as ________. a) the diffusion of a solute across a selectively permeable membrane b) active transport across a selectively permeable membrane c) the diffusion of any small molecule across a selectively permeable membrane d) the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

d) the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane