Chapter 5b APUSH

slavery 1850- 1855

The Fugitive Slave Act or Fugitive Slave Law was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave-holding interests and Northern Free-Soilers.

During the early 19th century, laws created in the Southern states concerning free blacks were primarily intended to

persuade free blacks to relocate to Northern states

James K. polk

president in March 1845. wanted to settle oregon boundary dispute with britain. wanted to aquire California. wanted to incorperate Texas into union.

Which of the following best describes the goal of John Brown's raid in Harpers Ferry?

raiding the military arsenal to supply later slave uprisings

Which land action gave the United States possession of the southern part of Arizona and New Mexico, west of the Rio Grande and south of the Gila River?

Gadsden Purchase

Stephen F. Austin (1793-1836)

He established the first colony of Americans in Texas, which eventually attracted 2,000 people. (page 579)

The slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or fight!" dealt with which disputed US. border with another nation?

Oregon and Canada

Which of the following people actively opposed the Mexican-American War?

Daniel Webster

compromise of 1850

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

John Brown

(1800-1859) anti-slavery advocate who believed that God had called upon him to abolish slavery. May or may not have been mentally unstable. Devoted over 20 years to fighting slavery, due to misunderstanding, in revenge he and his followers (his sons and others) killed five men in the pro slavery settlement of Pottawatomie Creek. Triggered dozens of incidents throughout Kansas some 200 people were killed. Was executed, still debated over whether he is a saint or killer.

Zachary Taylor

(1849-1850), Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard Fillmore.

Fugitive slave act

(1850) a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders

manifest destiny

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

Texas Annexation

1845. Originally refused in 1837, as the U.S. Government believed that the annexation would lead to war with Mexico. Texas remained a sovereign nation. Annexed via a joint resolution through Congress, supported by President-elect Polk, and approved in 1845. Land from the Republic of Texas later bacame parts of NM, CO, OK, KS, and WY.

Wilmot Proviso

1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.

Republican Party

1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers and reformers from the Northwest met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories

slavery 1855-1860

1855- bleeding kansas Dred scott decision announce (slaves not citizens) John Brown

Oregon Trail

2000 mile long path along which thousands of Americans journeyed to the Willamette Valley in the 1840's

Dred Scott Decision

A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.

The Alamo

A Spanish mission converted into a fort, it was besieged by Mexican troops in 1836. The Texas garrison held out for thirteen days, but in the final battle, all of the Texans were killed by the larger Mexican force.

Popular Sovereignty

A government in which the people rule by their own consent.

Henry Clay

A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises.

Gadsden purchase

Agreement w/ Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million; all but completed the continental expansion envisioned by those who believed in Manifest Destiny.

Sam Houston

Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas

Transcontinental Railroad

Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west

Which of the following is NOT true of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

It was overturned by the Dred Scott Decision

Harpers Ferry

John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged

Personal Liberty Laws

Laws passed by Northern states forbidding the imprisonment of escaped slaves

Election of 1860

Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union.

Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Mexican political leader, general, and president who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government, fought first against Mexican independence from Spain,

Free Soil Party (Free Soil Movement)

Moderate abolitionists who were dissatisfied with the Whigs/Democrats - Wanted to prevent slavery's expansion only - Shifted the focus of slavery from morality to economics - Wanted the West to be an exclusive opportunity for whites; didn't want black competition or plantations - Tried to ban all blacks in territories - Appealed to northern abolitionists

Which of the following would not be considered an event illustrating the tensions that led directly to the Civil War?

Nat Turner's Rebellion

free soil ideology

Political ideology of the 1840s that opposed the expansion of slavery in order to allow white farmers to settle in western territories; believed slavery was dangerous b/c it was a threat to whites & the rights of all; believe the South wanted to extend slavery & destroy Northern capitalism--> formed Republican party

Abraham Lincoln

President of the United States during the Civil War

Stephen A.Douglas

Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebreaska Act and the Freeport Doctrine

The Wilmot Proviso stated that...

Slavery would not be allowed in the land taken from Mexico

The Mexican American War ended with the signing of what treaty?

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million

Winfield Scott

United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866)

Gold rush

a period from 1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to California in order to search for gold.

Mexican war

after disputes over Texas lands that were settled by Mexicans the United States declared war on Mexico in 1846 and by treaty in 1848 took Texas and California and Arizona and New Mexico and Nevada and Utah and part of Colorado and paid Mexico $15,000,000

Which of the following provisions was not considered part of the personal liberty laws during the mid-19th century?

citing the state's right of nullification

The Kansas-Nebraska Act was unpopular in the North because

it could increase the number of slave states

Which of the following was NOT a theme found in Uncle Tom's Cabin?

the role of the North and South working together to end slavery

Which of the following was the central issue of the presidential election of 1844?

westward expansion