Chapter 6

T/F: Eidetic memory is very common

False

T/F: Moderate consumption of alcohol will improve your memory

False

T/F: Most children have a photographic memory

False

T/F: When you overlearn something it is stored in the short term memory

False

Chunking involves

Grouping items together

The sensory memory system

Holds sights and sounds for a few seconds

Holds a visual image for about a second

Iconic Memory

Which of the following is true about serial position effect

recall more accurately the first and last items on the list

____ of stored information is locating it and returning it to the consciousness

retrieval

what is true about the long term memory

It is like a biochemical hard drive

If you remember your abc's your entire life this information is stored in

Long Term Memory

Permanent memories stored here

Long Term Memory

This one holds permanent memories

Long term Memory

You meet all you cousins who you haven't seen in many many years, but you remember all their names- where did you find it?

Long term memory

To remember the name of all the countries in asia Jennifer mentally repeated all the names several times

Maintenance Rehearsal

Chris knows that the circumference of the earth is 40,075 KM even though he did not personally measure the earth

Semantic Memory

General knowlege is referred to as `

Semantics

When learning new information it must go to the _____ then the ____and finally to the _____.

Sensory --> Short term --> Long term

Dana can only remember the first few and the last few items on her grocery list. Which of the following is this an example of?

Serial Position Effect

Limited to about 7 to 9 items

Short Term

Hold about 7 items

Short Term Memory

Lasts a few minutes

Short Term Memory

Material is processed here to see if its worth saving

Short Term Memory

__ is the type of memory that can hold information up to a minute or so after the trace of the stimulus decays

Short term

All the information we get stops in one part of our brain only for a few seconds

Short term memory

If you take a test in the same condition you did when you study for the test you were using

State dependent learning

You need to drink a 6 pack of soda before a test because you drank that while you were studying for it

State dependent learning

Rodger drinks coffee with caffeine in it, Mary feel mildly anxious before a test - what is true?

The coffee and the anxiety will stimulate them similarly, which causes brain chemicals to be released helping them learn

T/F: Certain chemicals affect learning

True

T/F: Mild test anxiety can improve test scores

True

T/F: Mild test anxiety can improve your test score

True

T/F: When you practice a piano piece once a day every day until it is stored in your long term memory you are consolidating

True

T/F: One basic theory of memory suggest that when we learn new material the basic structure of the synapse will change

Ture

Mnemonic devices are useful when you

Use them at the beginning of what your trying to remember

a ________ is mental representation of a visual stimulus

iconic

Eyewitness memory is

Seldomly completely accurate

holds sounds for only a few seconds

Acoustic Memory (echoic)

When you remember the melody of your favorite song you are using

Acoustic memory (echoic)

How do amphetamines affect learning?

Amphetamines over stimulate the brain and create poor conditions for learning

Forgetting can be best described as

An increase in errors while trying recall stored information

You focus very hard on the material you want to learn

Attention

You are trying to remember your social security number the best method to use would be?

Chunking

You need to learn a list of 10 words for an english test so you group them into nouns and verbs

Chunking

What best describes the attention on learning

Creates physical arousal which chemically makes us learn

Which of the following is most likely not an example of chunking?

Creating a story about a list of items that needs to be remembered

Mnemonic devices aid memory by

Creating unusual associations with material to be memorized

Photographic memory

Eidetic Memory

photographic memory aka

Eidetic Memory

An author uses many exciting words and ideas to make you remember the story

Elaboration

Storing material using the maximum number of associations - is called?

Elaboration

Using several associations

Elaborations

____are memories of events that happened to a person or that take place in a person's present

Episodic

Forgetting involves the

Inability to recall information once learned

Dana always hears stories about how extravagantly her first birthday was celebrated, but she is unable to recall the events of that day. Dana's inability to recall the events of her first birthday is known as _____.

Infantile Amnesia

________ inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of 3 or so

Infantile Amnesia

When we take in, analyze, store, and retrieve material:

Information Processing

We can't remember our oldest telephone number because we have learned 3 new ones since

Interference Theory

Which of the following best describes how memories are probably stored?

Memories are stored in some sort of physical chemical codes

__________ is a change in the nervous system that reflects the impression made by a stimulus

Memory Trace

You learn the spaces of the musical staph making a weird face out of them

Mnemonic Device

Earlier learning hurts present learning

Negative transfer

If Rosa learns one language, which later interferes with learning another language - this is called?

Negative transfer

Which of the following is true about the interference theory?

New material may not be stored properly because it is too similar to previous material

You read a book 10 times and now you know that book by heart

Overlearning

Sonia has to give a speech without notes at the end of the week. How will overlearning help her?

Overlearning will help her overcome the forgetting curve

If Rosa had an easier time learning another language after the first one than is would be called?

Positive Transfer

If you want positive transfer to occur you would take

psychology 1 before taking AP psychology

The interference of old learning with the ability to retrieve material learned recently

Proactive Interference

________ is the memory to perform an act in the future at a certain time when a certain event occurs

Prospective Memory

You need to write an essay for a history test, what do you use?

Recall

Essay tests rely primarily on______ and matching tests rely primarily on ______

Recall and Recognition

You have to choose one answer from a group of answers in a multiple choice

Recognition

Joi speaks spanish she is now learning to speak french when speaking in spanish french words pop into her mind this is an example of what?

Retroactive Interference

_____________ is the failure to remember events that occur prior to a physical trauma because of the effects of that trama

Retrograde Amnesia

You figure out how to get to another city by gathering all the information you can and making a map

Schema

When using principal learning, we focus on

The main idea behind what is to be learned

According to the state dependent learning, learning is dependent upon

The state of the body at the time of the learning

When witnesses to a crime are hypnotized

They often make mistakes because they are suggestable

The ______ is the feeling that information is stored in memory although it cannot be easily retrieved

Tip-of-the-tongue

While it is true that emotional involvement, particularly through humor, can aid learning

To much humor will interfere with learning

Which of the following would be a example of state dependent learning

You do your best taking a test under the same conditions you did studying

Overlearning occurs best when

You rehearse the material several times

A recognition test is easier that a recall test because

Your accuracy depends upon your ability to pick out right answers

________ are mental representation of an auditory stimulus that are held briefly in sensory memory system

acoustic memory (echoic)

Megain can recall her friends long distance telephone number and 5 digit extension one reason for her ease of recall is because she split the digits into smaller groups

chucking

True photographic memory is

extremely rare, almost nonexistent

The view that one may forget stored material because other learning overlaps is known as

interference Therory

_______the process by which information is encoded. stored, and retrieved

memory

You learn 4 phone numbers all at once but you can't remember the first one

negative transfer

Which of the following is easier to hold in a short term memory

phone number

you learn how to drive a car and you also know how to drive your friends van

positive transfer

When you focus on the basic idea behind what is being learned this is called

principle learning

An organized and systematic approach to solving problems

schema

____is the type of memory that is first encountered by a stimulus

sensory memory

Caleb read in the newspaper that a popular corporation had appointed a new ceo when talking about it to his friend he could only remember the first and last letter of the ceo what is this an example of

serial posion effect

Information that is better retrieved in the physiological state and emotional state in which it was encoded or learned is known as

state dependent memory