Chapter 6

The epidermis of thin skin ranges in thickness from ______ millimeters to ______ millimeters thick

0.075; 0.150

A nevus is commonly referred to as a ____ . It is a harmless, localized growth of ____ forming cells.

1. mole or birthmark 2. melanin, melanocytes, melanoctye

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of epidermal ____ in the epidermis and the relative ____ of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.

1. strata or layers 2. thickness, thinness, density

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about ____ weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional ____weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about ____ month following their formation.

2,2,1 two,two,one

______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.

3-5

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).

4

In what important way does a freckle differ from a nevus?

A freckle is an area of excessive melanocyte activity/a nevus is caused by an increase in melanocyte numbers.

Match the letter to the appropriate integument layer. a. b. c. d. e. subcutaneous layer papillary layer dermis epidermis reticular layer

a. epidermis b. papillary c. dermis d. reticular layer e. subcutaneous layer

An inherited recessive condition where the enzyme needed to produce melanin is nonfunctional is called .

albinism

The integument is the body's largest organ and is composed of ______ basic tissue types.

all

The subcutaneous layer or hypodermis is made up of two types of connective tissue, which are ______.

areolar and adipose connective tissue

Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.

benign

There are two types of hemangiomas, ______, and ______.

capillary; cavernous

______ is a yellow-orange pigment acquired from vegetables like carrots, corn, and squash.

carotene

The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

corneum

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.

corneum; granulosum; spinosum

The spiny appearance of stratum spinosum cells is primarily due to the tenacious nature of _____, which function to hold these non-dividing cells together.

desmosomes

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

eleiden

True or false: Melanin plays a role in Vitamin A production and normal vision as well as improved immunity.

false

Friction ridges are used as forensic tools because they can leave noticeable prints on touched surfaces, commonly called .

fingerprints, prints, or fingerprint

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum , the process of keratinization begins.

granulosum

Normal skin color results from a combination of colors of ______, melanin, and carotene.

hemoglobin

When ______ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals.

hemoglobin

The first three strata of the epidermis (the deepest layers) consist of Blank______ keratinocytes, and the most superficial strata contain Blank______ keratinocytes. Multiple choice question.

living;dead

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

melanocytes

During the process of keratinization, the cell's ____ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.

nucleus or nuclei

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ____ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.

nucleus, nuclei, DNA, or nuclear DNA

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply.

spinosum;granulosum

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.

stratum basale

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.

stratum corneum

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.

tactile cells

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

thick skin

There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are , colorations, and skin markings.

thickness, thinness, or density

______ covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

thin

True or false: The amount of melanin in the skin is determined by both heredity and light exposure.

true

True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

true