Chapter 6

Performance management refers to the skills set used by top management at a company. the methods, policies, and procedures to improve and support employee performance. the training to teach managers how to improve public speaking. the process through which an employee's performance is measured.

the methods, policies, and procedures to improve and support employee performance.

judgment based on evidence

Documenting performance problems and using factual evidence.

adequate notice

Letting employees know what criteria will be used during the review.

job rotation

Moving employees from job to job at regular intervals.

bonuses

One-time rewards that follow specific accomplishments of employees.

piece rate incentives

Payment to employees made on the basis of their individual output.

job crafting

Proactive changes employees make in their own job descriptions.

profit sharing

Programs involving sharing a percentage of company profits with all employees.

sales commissions

Rewarding sales employees with a percentage of sales volume or profits generated.

skill variety

The extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high-level skills.

empowerment

The removal of conditions that make a person powerless.

performance management

The use of methods, policies, and procedures to support and improve employee performance.

task significance

Whether a person's job substantially affects other people's work, health, or well-being.

Three characteristics of appraisals increase the perceptions of fairness, including fair hearing, judgment based on evidence, and adequate notice. feedback. personal opinion. high frequency.

adequate notice.

Performance review is another term for performance management. true false

false

The degree to which a person is dedicated to reaching a goal reflects their goal setting ability. goal alignment. goal accomplishments. goal commitment.

goal commitment.

Tasha, an inexperienced manager, delivers performance reviews this week to three staff members she supervises. To avoid hurting anyone's feelings, she rates all three employees very highly, although one is a low performer who needs additional training. What performance review issue is taking place here? liking bias stereotyping halo effect leniency

leniency

A person who works the register at a retail store for 40 hours per week likely has ___________ because few high-level skills are required. low skill variety low task identity high task significance high autonomy

low skill variety

In organizations using 360-degree feedback, who rates employee performance? supervisors, peers, subordinates, and customers the supervisor and the supervisor's supervisor artificial intelligence (data) the employee

supervisors, peers, subordinates, and customers

A SMART goal is a goal that is time-bound. strong. recurring. adjustable.

time-bound.

employee recognition awards

Awards, plaques, or other symbolic methods of recognition that convey appreciation for employee contributions.

gainsharing

A company-wide program in which employees are rewarded for performance gains compared to past performance.

SMART goal

A goal that is specific, measurable, aggressive, realistic, and time-bound

job enrichment

A job redesign technique allowing workers more control over how they perform their own tasks.

performance review

A process in which employee performance is measured and then communicated to the employee.

one-on-one meetings

A short, frequent, and regularly held meeting with an employee to provide timely feedback and support.

360-degree feedback

A system where feedback is gathered from supervisors, peers, subordinates, and sometimes even customers.

What is the best example of an organization with low structural empowerment? Employees feel confident they can perform their jobs. All decisions are made by top management. All employees have access to information. The organizational climate encourages innovation.

All decisions are made by top management.

Organizations use electronic monitoring for which reason? to protect their trade secrets to track employee performance to reduce legal liability All of the above

All of the above

What is a potential downside to goal setting? adaptability declines learning decreases All of the above ethical problems increase

All of the above

job specialization

Breaking down tasks into their simplest components and assigning them to employees so that each person would perform few tasks in a repetitive manner.

Those methods which most effectively motivate employees differ depending on the country and culture of the employee. Which statement is correct regarding methods of motivation? Self-managing teams are effective means of empowering employees in Mexico. Countries high in power distance respond negatively to 360-degree performance appraisal systems. Chinese employees are motivated by less challenging goals than employees in the United States. Employees in India are very satisfied when they are empowered.

Countries high in power distance respond negatively to 360-degree performance appraisal systems.

electronic monitoring

Electronic surveillance of employees in order to track employee performance, reduce legal liability, or protect employer's trade secrets.

fair hearing

Ensuring that there is two-way communication during the review process and the employee's side of the story is heard.

job enlargement

Expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety.

job characteristics model

Five core job dimensions, leading to three critical psychological states, which lead to work-related outcomes.

stock option

Giving an employee the right, but not the obligation, to purchase company stocks at a predetermined price.

merit pay

Giving employees a permanent pay raise based on past performance.

Management by Objectives (MBO) involves which of these steps? Comparing corporate goals to competitor goals. Assigning individual-level goals to employees. Reviewing performance and revising goals regularly. Setting company-wide goals independent of employee goals.

Reviewing performance and revising goals regularly.

Management by Objectives (MBO)

Setting company-wide goals derived from corporate strategy, determining team- and department-level goals, collaboratively setting individual-level goals that are aligned with corporate strategy, developing an action plan, and periodically reviewing performance and revising goals.

structural empowerment

The aspects of the work environment that give employees discretion and autonomy, and enable them to do their jobs effectively.

growth need strength

The degree to which a person has higher-order needs, such as self-esteem and self-actualization.

goal commitment

The degree to which a person is dedicated to reaching the goal.

task identity

The degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish.

autonomy

The degree to which people have the freedom to decide how to perform their tasks.

feedback

The degree to which people learn how effective they are being at work.

The work of Frederick Taylor and the scientific management philosophy focused on employee satisfaction and commitment. efficiency and productivity. management decentralization. job enlargement and enrichment.

efficiency and productivity.

Research indicates the single most important influence over employee motivation is being overqualified. rotational affiliation. salary level. job design.

job design.

Daisy works in a candy factory with four other people. Everyone does something different each day. Daisy's schedule is such that on Monday she dips cashews into chocolate. On Tuesday she runs the taffy pulling machine. On Wednesday she dips apples into caramel. On Thursday she packs candy bars into boxes for shipping, and on Friday she dips pretzels into chocolate. Daisy's workplace is utilizing the _____________ type of job design. job rotation job enrichment job enlargement job specialization

job rotation

Which type of job design focuses primarily on efficiency? job rotation job specialization job enlargement job enrichment

job specialization

Efficiency is to ____________, as personal authority and control is to ___________. job rotation; productivity job enlargement; job specialization employee satisfaction; job rotation job specialization; job enrichment

job specialization; job enrichment

What is an example of a bonus? money a manager receives one time after receiving an MBA from night school money a pharmaceutical salesperson receives for selling the quota of drugs they were assigned money a team receives when they lower the labor costs this year for producing the same amount of widgets as they did last year gift cards an employee receives for suggesting how to save paper at the company

money a manager receives one time after receiving an MBA from night school

The local strawberry farm is hiring summer workers. It pays $25 for the first 50 quarts of strawberries picked daily, and $1 for every quart picked beyond the base level. This is an example of which kind of incentive system? sales commission bonus system piece rate system gainsharing system

piece rate system

What is one of the five core job dimensions in Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? task identity motivation meaningfulness responsibility

task identity

Task identity refers to the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high-level skills. the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks. whether a person's job substantially affects other people's work, health, or well-being.

the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish.

SMART goals motivate employees because they give direction. they are set at a low level to boost worker's achievement. they have no deadline, so they take pressure off employees. they are easy to achieve and therefore people like them.

they give direction.

An individual with higher-order needs responds more favorably to jobs with a high motivating potential. true false

true

Goal setting and incentives sometimes act as motivation to behave unethically. true false

true