chapter 6 cellular respiration

cellular respiration

aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules

producers

plants and other autotrophs

autotrophs

("self-feeders") are organisms that make all their own organic matter from nutrients that are entirely inorganic: - carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and water (H2O) and - minerals from the soil.

heterotrophs

- include humans and other animals and - cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones.

How many carbon dioxide molecules would be released as a result of one turn of Krebs cycle?

2 carbon dioxide molecules

Which molecule would be found after the action of the enzymes in cellular respiration?

ATP

what is misleading about about the statement: "Plants perform photosynthesis, whereas animals perform cellular respiration?"

It's true that plants perform photosynthesis and animals don't, however both animals and plants perform cellular respiration

If a cell is unable to perform aerobic cellular respiration, what will then happen?

No ATP will be produced, causing all energy-requiring cell functions to cease.

What is the potential energy source that drives ATP production by ATP synthase

a concentration gradient of H+ across the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

Glycolysis

a molecule of glucose is split into two molecules of a compound called pyruvic acid, located in the cytoplasm

glycolysis

a molecule of glucose is split into two molecules of a compound called pyruvic acid, located in the cytoplasm.

Some prokaryotic and all eukaryotic cells use oxygen to harvest energy from food molecules. In what form is that harvested energy available to power cell work?

atp synthase

consumers

because they obtain their food by eating plants or by eating animals that have eaten plants.

the citric acid cycle

completes the breakdown of glucose all the way to CO2, which is then released as a waste product. The enzymes for the citric acid cycle are dissolved in the fluid within mitochondria

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the majority of ATP?

electron transport

the many chemical reactions that make up cellular respiration can b grouped into three main stages

glycolysis, citric acid and electron transport

fermentation

harvest of food energy

atp synthase

is constructed from proteins built into the inner mitochondrial membrane, adjacent to the proteins of the electron transport chains.

One of the products of the citric acid cycle is CO2. This molecule is considered a waste molecule, since organisms performing aerobic cellular respiration will release it into the atmosphere. What reactant provided the carbon atoms used to produce this CO2?

pyruvic acid

anaerobic

some cells that work for short periods without oxygen

Which stages of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria? Which stage takes place outside the mitochondria?

the citric acid cycle and electron transport takes place in the mitochondria, while glycolysis takes place outside of the mitochondria

Oxygen as O2 is required for aerobic cellular respiration. The function of O2 in this process is

to accept the spent electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.