Chapter 6-guided reading
How many ATP would be produced during the citric acid cycle from two glucose molecules?
Because a single glucose molecule will generate two ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation during the citric acid cycle, then two glucose molecules will generate a total of four ATP.
What initial observation led scientists to hypothesize that brown fat may be activated by cold temperatures?
Brown fat tissue was found at higher levels when the scans were taken during cold weather.
_____________ generates fewer molecules of ATP because it contributes its electrons further along the electron transport chain.
FADH2
True or false: The transfer of H atoms from glucose to oxygen is not representative of redox reactions. If false, make it a correct statement.
False, it does represent redox reactions, as oxygen gas is reduced.
True or false: A substance that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H1 (H1 would be able to leak across the membrane at points other than ATP synthase) would increase ATP production in mitochondria. If false, make it a correct statement.
False, the substance would decrease ATP production as ATP synthase efficiency would be reduced.
List two sources of evidence that indicate glycolysis is extremely old.
Glycolysis is universal, and it does not occur within a membrane-bound organelle.
Fats are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic. Use this information to explain why humans store the majority of their excess energy as fat and not carbohydrates.
Humans store the majority of their excess energy as fat because fats do not require water for storage.
Briefly explain why a teeter-totter is a good analogy for describing how reductions are always linked to oxidations.
It is a good analogy because, for every reduction, there is an oxidation, and vice versa. This is similar to a teeter-totter: When one side goes up, the other has to go down.
You are taking a road trip from Chicago to Denver. The trip is going to take roughly 15 hours. At the start of your trip, you get a 96-oz Mega Gulp from 11-seven of Mountain Mist. This beverage will have roughly 1,360 kcal. How long into your trip will you have burned the calories from this drink?
It would actually take longer than your trip, a bit over 22 hours and 15 minutes
If you opened a wine vat, would the yeast inside continue to perform alcoholic fermentation? Briefly explain your answer with some details about what would happen.
No, because they would be exposed to atmospheric oxygen and they would preferentially perform aerobic respiration.
What are the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration.
O2+C6H12O6 inputs. CO2+H2O outputs
In lactic acid fermentation,_______________ becomes the target of reduction by NADH. a. pyruvate b. lactate c. glucose d. ATP
a
Plants create which of the following as a result of photosynthesis? a. O2 b. CO2 c. H2O d. Solar energy
a
The driving force behind oxidative phosphorylation is __________ . a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. NADH d. H2O
a
A buildup of _________________ initiates the inhibition of an enzyme that functions early in glycolysis. a. ADP b. ATP c. glycerol d. amino acids
b
Any substance that inhibits the transportation of oxygen from the lungs affects ___________. a. photosynthesis b. cellular respiration c. chloroplasts d. none of the above
b
Which of the following is the correct order of the main stages of cellular respiration? a. Citric acid cycle, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation b. Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation c. Citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis d. Oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, citric acid cycle
b
Fermentation is essentially glycolysis because glycolysis does not ____________ require to function.
oxygen
________________ uses the energy found within a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP.
ATP synthase
CO2 is a gaseous by-product of cellular respiration that you exhale with each breath. Briefly explain where the CO2 comes from.
The CO2 comes from the organic molecules (food) that you consume and is a byproduct of cellular respiration
The overall chemical equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 1 6O2 → → → CO2 1 6H2O Briefly explain why the equation has multiple arrows.
The arrows represent the fact that cellular respiration consists of multiple chemical reactions
In what way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration linked on a molecular level?
The two processes are linked in that the products of one are the reactants of the other and vice versa
What must proteins be broken down into before they can be burned as energy?
They must be broken down into amino acids.
Students frequently have the misconception that plant cells don't perform cellular respiration. Briefly explain the basis of this misconception.
This misconception arises because plant cells perform photosynthesis, which creates the assumption that plant cells do not perform cellular respiration.
True or false: Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle both function as metabolic interchanges where the products of their chemical reactions can also be used for biosynthesis. If false, make it a correct statement.
True
The only portion of cellular respiration that is cyclic is ____________ . a. glycolysis b. the electron transport chain c. the citric acid cycle d. the oxidation of pyruvate
c
The formation of NaCl (table salt) involves an atom of Na giving an electron to an atom of Cl. a. This would be considered a redox reaction. b. Na got oxidized. c. Cl got reduced. d. All of the above are true statements regarding the formation of NaCl.
d
_______________ is always lost during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
energy
True or false: Blood traveling from your leg muscles to the lungs would be low in oxygen. If false, make it a correct statement.
true
True or false: Brown fat contains mitochondria. If false, make it a correct statement.
true