Chapter 6: Health, Wellness, and Models of Health

Which patient statement best illustrates the concept of health? "I will take better care of my diabetes through diet, exercise, and proper use of medications." "I feel well mentally and physically, and I am well connected to others." "I feel better now that my flu symptoms have gone away." "I am making a conscious decision to improve my physical, mental, and spiritual well-being."

"I feel well mentally and physically, and I am well connected to others."

Wellness is based on three tenets

1. Wellness is considered a conscious, self-directed, and evolving process of achieving full potential. 2. Wellness is multidimensional and holistic, encompassing lifestyle, mental and spiritual well-being, and the environment. 3. Wellness is positive and affirming.

Five Domains of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

1. Whole medical systems: homeopathy and naturopathic medicine 2. Mind-body interventions: meditation, art, music, and dance therapy 3. Biologically based therapies: use of herbs, special diets, etc. 4. Manipulative and body-based methods: chiropractic treatments, osteopathy, and massage 5. Energy therapies: therapeutic touch Interventions: Biofeedback and acupuncture are used for patients undergoing treatment with radiation and chemotherapy for inoperable cancer to relieve nausea and promote relaxation. Yoga and tai chi may be used to assist with the treatment of sports injuries and muscle atrophy.

Which example best illustrates the World Health Organization's (WHO's) expanded definition of health? A woman grew up in a community that was considered very violent. She consistently reports a variety of somatic complaints at annual visits with her health care provider. A woman believes that life and health are processes and that things can always get better. A young man commits to living a healthy lifestyle and volunteering to giving back to his community, believing that his health enables him to do everything he desires. A man practices self-preservation daily and makes choices that are in his own best interest.

A young man commits to living a healthy lifestyle and volunteering to giving back to his community, believing that his health enables him to do everything he desires.

Which activities depict health promotion behaviors? Select all that apply. Drinking alcohol only on social occasions Exercising three times per week Obtaining vaccinations Increasing amount of sleep to 8-10 hours per night Adopting a plant-based diet

Exercising three times per week Increasing amount of sleep to 8-10 hours per night Adopting a plant-based diet

Match the construct of the Health Belief Model to its description. Beliefs about the costs of taking action Beliefs about the seriousness of a disease Beliefs about the chances of developing a disease Beliefs about the effectiveness of taking action Match: Perceived self-efficacy Perceived barriers Perceived benefits Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity

Beliefs about the costs of taking action Perceived barriers Beliefs about the seriousness of a disease Perceived severity Beliefs about the chances of developing a disease Perceived susceptibility Beliefs about the effectiveness of taking action Perceived benefits

Organizations define their own health in terms of which aspects? Goals and objectives Ways of living and experiences Diseases cured and patient satisfaction Values and beliefs

Goals and objectives An organization or business defines its own health in the context of its goals and objectives. Ways of living and experiences Individuals, not organizations, define health in terms of their experiences and ways of living. Diseases cured and patient satisfaction An organization does not define its own health by diseases cured and patient satisfaction. Values and beliefs Individuals, not organizations, define health in terms of their own values and beliefs.

A patient working with a nurse regarding her diagnosis of diabetes wants emotional issues to be included in her plan of care. Which model would be appropriate for the nurse to use? Health Belief Model Holistic Health Model Health Promotion Model Hierarchy of Needs Model

Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model uses an individual's perceived susceptibility and perceived severity to determine motivators to improve health. With this model, the nurse would focus on assisting the patient in identifying the risks associated with diabetes as well as developing interventions that would seek to avoid consequences of the chronic condition. This model would not be appropriate for the nurse to use in this instance because it does not include emotional issues in the patient's plan of care. Holistic Health Model The Holistic Health Model is based on the philosophy that a synergistic relationship exists among the body, mind, spirit, and environment and promotes health and healing. Developing a plan that includes the patient's emotional issues would be an appropriate intervention for this model. Health Promotion Model The Health Promotion Model asserts that a multidimensional interaction exists between an individual and the environment and involves health promotion and health protection. With this model, the nurse would encourage the patient to incorporate interactions with her environment to help manage her diabetes. This model would not be appropriate for the nurse to use in this instance because it does not include emotional issues in the patient's plan of care. Hierarchy of Needs Model Use of the Hierarchy of Needs Model developed by Maslow would suggest that the basic physiologic needs that have resulted from the patient's diabetes are more immediate and should be the focus of self-management activities. This model would not be appropriate for the nurse to use in this instance because it does not include emotional issues in the patient's plan of care.

Which components are associated with the wellness paradigm? Select all that apply. Individual responsibility Treating and curing illness A compartmentalized focus Maintaining and improving health Holistic health Corrective interventions

Individual responsibility Individual responsibility is a component of the wellness paradigm. Treating and curing illness Treating and curing illness are components of the medical paradigm, not the wellness paradigm. A compartmentalized focus A compartmentalized focus is a characteristic, not a component, of the wellness paradigm. Maintaining and improving health Maintaining and improving health are components of the wellness paradigm. Holistic health Holistic health is a component of the wellness paradigm. Corrective interventions Corrective interventions are components of the medical paradigm, not the wellness paradigm.

Which definition describes the concept of wellness from an individual's perspective? Interconnection of physical and environmental dimensions Active self-care achieved by making healthy lifestyle choices A continuum extending from poor health to optimal well-being A state of physical well-being

Interconnection of physical and environmental dimensions Wellness is composed of many interrelated dimensions, not just the physical and environmental dimensions, that contribute to health. Active self-care achieved by making healthy lifestyle choices Wellness is a process of self-care achieved by making choices leading to a healthy life. A continuum extending from poor health to optimal well-being Wellness is linked to holistic health and extends beyond the physical aspect. A state of physical well-being Health refers to a state of being and includes complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Wellness refers to the process of self-care.

Which actions would the nurse suggest to a patient to achieve wellness? Select all that apply. Maintain your health through proper diet, exercise, and sleep. Be comfortable expressing your feelings to others. Consider volunteering to get more involved in the community. Be compliant with your asthma medication regimen. Obtain a job that you are passionate about.

Maintain your health through proper diet, exercise, and sleep. Be comfortable expressing your feelings to others. Consider volunteering to get more involved in the community. Obtain a job that you are passionate about.

Match the example to the appropriate domain of complementary and alternative medicine. Mind-body interventions Manipulative and body-based methods Biologically based therapies Energy therapies Match: Herbs Medication Therapeutic touch Naturopathic medicine Massage Homeopathy

Mind-body interventions Meditation Manipulative and body-based methods Massage Biologically based therapies Herbs Energy therapies Therapeutic touch

Which patient action represents a health protection behavior? Reducing stress Exercising regularly Obtaining vaccinations Maintaining good sleep habits

Reducing stress Reducing stress is an example of health promotion, not health protection. Health promotion efforts aim to increase well-being and optimize health. Exercising regularly Exercising regularly is an example of health promotion, not health protection. Health promotion efforts aim to increase well-being and optimize health. Obtaining vaccinations Obtaining vaccinations is an example of health protection; health protection strives to prevent or stop illness before it impairs appropriate function of an individual's body, mind, or spirit. Maintaining good sleep habits Maintaining good sleep habits is an example of health promotion, not health protection. Health promotion efforts aim to increase well-being and optimize health.

Which definition best describes the concept of health? State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being Process of making good choices for oneself Unidirectional force to stay strong and fit in all areas of life Absence of illness

State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being According to the World Health Organization, health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Process of making good choices for oneself The process of self-care achieved by making choices refers to the concept of wellness, not health. Unidirectional force to stay strong and fit in all areas of life Health is a multidimensional concept, not a unidirectional force. Absence of illness Health is not simply the absence of disease or infirmity but is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

A patient with high cholesterol states that he does not need to change his diet because there is no family history of heart disease. Which perception of the Health Belief Model is most important for the nurse to address? Benefits Severity Barriers Susceptibility

Susceptibility