Chapter 6 M&N

mammography

become more difficult to interpret with multiple cysts present, and early cancerous lesions may occasionally be overlooked

breast implants

(filled with saline or silicone); natural tissue flaps (using skin fat and muscle from your own body); or a combination of both.

breast conserving surgery

(lumpectomy with radiation) or mastectomy with or without reconstruction

breast self examination (BSE)

BSE is a technique that enables a woman to detect any changes in her breasts. BSEs, once thought essential for early breast cancer detection, are now considered optional.

breast cancer

Is a neoplastic disease in which normal body cells are transformed into malignant ones (National Cancer Institute). It is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths (lung cancer is first) among American women.

modified radical mastectomy

The overall survival rate with lumpectomy and radiation is about the same as that.

fibrocystic breast changes

also known as benign breast disease (BBD), represent a variety of changes in the glandular and structural tissues of the breast. Because this condition affects 50% to 60% of all women at some point, it is more accurately defined as a "change" rather than a "disease."

fibroadenomas

are common benign solid breast tumors that occur in about 25% of all women and account for up to half of all breast biopsies.

chemotherapy

both in terms of the toxicity of drugs and the duration of treatment.

breast augmentation

is a common surgical procedure with women undergoing it with implants for a variety of reasons ranging from aesthetic to reconstructive surgery following a mastectomy. Saline-filled or silicone-filled implants are used in cosmetic enhancement and reconstructive surgeries.

carcinoma

is a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue; it tends to infiltrate and give rise to metastases. The incidence of this cancer peaks in the sixth decade of life (>60 years old).

mastitis

is an infection or inflammation of the connective tissue in the breast that occurs primarily in lactating or engorged women. The prevalence of it in breast-feeding women may be as high as 33% . Mastitis is divided into lactational or nonlactational types.

Benign Breast Disorders

is any noncancerous breast abnormality. Though not life-threatening, benign disorders can cause pain and discomfort, and they account for a large number of visits to primary care providers.

endocrine therapy

is to block or counter the effect of estrogen. Estrogen plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cancer, and treatment with estrogen deprivation has proven to be effective.

Duct ectasia

which occurs when the milk ducts become congested with secretions and debris, resulting in periductal inflammation.

simple mastectomy

with sentinel node biopsy or a radical mastectomy with regional node biopsy. Removal of numerous lymph nodes places the client at high risk for lymphedema.