Chapter 6 Mastering Bio

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _____. chloroplasts lysosomes nuclei mitochondria

chloroplasts

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together. tight junctions plasmodesmata desmosomes the cytoskeleton gap (communicating) junctions

desmosomes

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? lysosome mitochondrion Golgi apparatus peroxisome

Golgi apparatus

Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? plasma membrane nuclear envelope chloroplast Golgi apparatus

chloroplast

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely _____. primarily producing proteins in the cytosol enlarging its vacuole primarily producing proteins for secretion constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix

primarily producing proteins in the cytosol

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella? intermediate filaments laminin tubulin actin

tubulin

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of the Golgi function.

All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of the Golgi function.

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane Golgi → ER → lysosome ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane ER → Golgi → nucleus

ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, relying instead on anaerobic metabolism. Prokaryotes have cells while eukaryotes do not. Prokaryotes are generally larger than eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.

Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells. Keratin fibers Desmosomes Plasmodesmata Gap (communicating) junctions Tight junctions

Gap (communicating) junctions

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus. It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus. It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA. It selectively transports molecules out of the nucleus, but prevents all inbound molecules from entering the nucleus.

It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells? the contraction of muscle cells in animals determining the shape of animal cells the beating of cilia or flagella maintaining the position of the nucleus in the cell Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Select the correct statement describing cellular structure or function. Only plant cells contain chloroplasts, and only animal cells contain mitochondria. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are part of the endomembrane system of the eukaryotic cell. Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP.

Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP.

Choose the best description of the cell cytoskeleton. The cell cytoskeleton is similar to an animal skeleton in providing rigid internal support and structure to the cell. The cell cytoskeleton serves as permanent scaffolding to anchor cell components into position within the cell cytoplasm. The cell cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of fibers that can be quickly dismantled and reassembled to change cell shape and the position of cell components

The cell cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of fibers that can be quickly dismantled and reassembled to change cell shape and the position of cell components.

Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell? The nuclear envelope is a single membrane, consisting of a phospholipid bilayer. Plasmadesmosomes in the nuclear envelope permit the exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. All of the proteins of the cell are synthesized on ribosomes bound on the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. The outer layer of the nuclear envelope is coated with laminin.

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you most likely expect to be the immediate consequence? the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division a change in the shape of the nucleus the loss of all nuclear function failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information

a change in the shape of the nucleus

Cilia and flagella bend because of _____. conformational changes in ATP that thrust microtubules laterally the quick inward movements of water by osmosis. a motor protein called radial spokes a motor protein called dynein

a motor protein called dynein

In plant cells, the middle lamella _____. allows for gas and nutrient exchange among adjacent cells maintains the plant's circulatory system allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another prevents dehydration of adjacent cells

allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT _____. a plasma membrane an endoplasmic reticulum a cell wall ribosomes

an endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is NOT true? Both chloroplasts and mitochondria _____. are capable of reproducing themselves have multiple membranes have their own DNA are part of the endomembrane system

are part of the endomembrane system

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? nucleus ... cellular respiration mitochondrion ... photosynthesis ribosome ... manufacture of lipids central vacuole ... storage lysosome ... movement

central vacuole ... storage

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures? components of the cytoskeleton cellulose fibers in the cell wall membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER

components of the cytoskeleton

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved _____. endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cellthe endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolving into the nucleus acquisition of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygenthe anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts

endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cellthe endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules? flagella and motile cilia centrioles and basal bodies motile cilia and primary (nonmotile) cilia basal bodies and primary (nonmotile) cilia

flagella and motile cilia

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by the _____. modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system transportation of membrane lipids among the membranes of the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components

function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through _____. desmosomes gap junctions tight junctions plasmodesmata

gap junctions

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? extracellular matrix tight junctions gap junctions desmosomes

gap junctions

Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling), which involves _____. reinforcing the pseudopod with intermediate filaments setting up microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the movement of cytoplasm growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane cytoplasmic streaming

growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane

Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the ER? in mitochondria in the nucleolus in the extracellular matrix in the Golgi apparatus

in mitochondria

Where would you expect to find tight junctions? in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes in the epithelium of an animal's stomach between plant cells in a woody plant between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum

in the epithelium of an animal's stomach

In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____. only in the nucleus and chloroplasts in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes only in the nucleus

in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? plasmodesma ribosome Golgi apparatus chloroplast lysosome

lysosome

Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Cells will phagocytize asbestos, but are not able to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in _____. mitochondria lysosomes peroxisomes ribosomes

lysosomes

Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane? phospholipids amino acids DNA mRNA

mRNA

Which structure-function pair is mismatched? nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits microtubule; muscle contraction Golgi; protein trafficking ribosome; protein synthesis lysosome; intracellular digestion

microtubule; muscle contraction

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____. intermediate filaments microtubules microfilaments pili tonofilaments

microtubules

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the _____. peroxisomes mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes

mitochondria

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease? mitochondria Golgi apparatus ribosomes lysosomes

mitochondria

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? lysosome mitochondrion Golgi apparatus peroxisome

mitochondrion

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? central vacuole centriole chloroplast mitochondrion

mitochondrion

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? mitochondrion centriole wall made of cellulose central vacuole chloroplast

mitochondrion

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to _____. contract muscle fibers divide in two move vesicles within a cell extend pseudopodia

move vesicles within a cell

Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from _____. an animal but not a plant a bacterium nearly any eukaryotic organism a plant but not an animal

nearly any eukaryotic organism

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? nerve cell leaf cell of a plant phagocytic white blood cell bacterial cell muscle cell

phagocytic white blood cell

Mitochondria are found in _____. animal cells only plant and animal cells animal cells and prokaryotic cells, but not plant cells plant cells only all cells

plant and animal cells

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? nucleic acids glycogen lipids proteins

proteins

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? chloroplast ribosome ER mitochondrion

ribosome

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? ribosome mitochondrion chloroplast nuclear envelope ER

ribosome

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? rough ER plasmodesmata free cytoplasmic ribosomes Golgi vesicles

rough ER

Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to _____. form cleavage furrows during cell division migrate by amoeboid movement separate chromosomes during cell division maintain the shape of the nucleus

separate chromosomes during cell division

Cell size is limited by _____. the number of proteins within the plasma membrane surface to volume ratios the surface area of mitochondria in the cytoplasm the size of the endomembrane system

surface to volume ratios

A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to _____. actively export protein molecules play a role in storage synthesize large quantities of lipids import and export protein molecules

synthesize large quantities of lipids

In a bacterium, we will find DNA in _____. ribosomes mitochondria a membrane-enclosed nucleus the nucleoid

the nucleoid

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials? keratin fibers tight junctions gap (communicating) junctions plasmodesmata desmosomes (anchoring junctions)

tight junctions

Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____. removal of introns from RNA and the stitching together of exons transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA linking of nucleotides to form a polypeptide translation of an RNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids translation of a DNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? peroxisome lysosome Golgi apparatus vacuole

vacuole