Chapter 6

Which of the following statements is true about a data mart? A) It standardizes the format of data retrieved from different systems. B) It contains selected data from the data warehouse. C) It stores master data only. D) It is a compilation of data from the database that is organized and produced in printed format. E) It helps to eliminate data duplication.

B) It contains selected data from the data warehouse.

Which of the following statements is true about a digital dashboard? A) It is the combination of various analysis techniques and interactive visualization to solve complex problems. B) It supports push reporting, exception reporting and alerts, and pull reporting usage models. C) It can visualize features and relationships between features drawn from an underlying geographic database. D) Analysts can use it to combine geographic, demographic, and other data for locating target customers. E) It is a system for creating, storing, analyzing, and managing geographically referenced information.

B) It supports push reporting, exception reporting and alerts, and pull reporting usage models.

________ are the data that is deemed most important in the operation of a business. A) Metadata B) Master data C) Reference data D) Query data E) Tactical data

B) Master data

________ refers to the process of quickly conducting complex, multidimensional analyses of data stored in a database that is optimized for retrieval, typically using graphical software tools. A) Inferencing B) Online analytical processing C) Normalization D) Data mining E) Predictive analysis

B) Online analytical processing

________ refers to the display of complex data relationships using a variety of graphical methods. A) Normalization B) Visualization C) Clustering D) Inferencing E) Textual mining

B) Visualization

One of the advantages of the database approach is program-data independence, which means that it is ________. A) easier to deploy and control data access using a centralized system B) easier to evolve and alter software to changing business needs when data and programs are independent C) a centralized system, making it easier to enforce access restrictions D) a centralized system, making it much easier to enforce standards and rules for data creation, modification, naming, and deletion E) useful for eliminating redundancy, greatly reducing the possibilities of inconsistency

B) easier to evolve and alter software to changing business needs when data and programs are independent

The processing in an expert system (ES) is called ________. A) clustering B) inferencing C) normalizing D) recommending E) data cleansing

B) inferencing

Business rules are captured by the designers of the database and included in the data dictionary to ________. A) organize and sort the data, complete calculations, and allocate storage space B) prevent illegal or illogical entries from entering the database C) eliminate data duplication D) make sure that each table contains only attributes that are related to the entity E) capture the structure of the database

B) prevent illegal or illogical entries from entering the database

Data mining complements online analytical processing in that it ________. A) finds associations or correlations among sets of items B) provides capabilities for discovering "hidden" predictive relationships in the data C) extracts textual information from Web documents D) groups related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes E) analyzes different dimensions of data beyond simple data summaries

B) provides capabilities for discovering "hidden" predictive relationships in the data

________ integrates data from various operational systems. A) A data warehouse B) A metadata repository C) Data modeling D) Master data E) Data mining

A) A data warehouse

________ involves standardizing the format of data retrieved from different systems. A) Data cleansing B) Data mining C) Normalization D) Content mining E) Clustering

A) Data cleansing

________ are used to capture data to be added, modified, or deleted from the database. A) Forms B) Reports C) Queries D) Bots E) Layers

A) Forms

________ allows expert system rules to be represented using approximations or subjective values in order to handle situations where information about a problem is incomplete. A) Fuzzy logic B) Normalization C) Clustering D) What-if analysis E) Stickiness

A) Fuzzy logic

Which of the following statements is true about query by example (QBE) capabilities in a database? A) It helps to create a query quickly and easily. B) It refers to immediate automated responses to the requests of users. C) It is designed to handle multiple concurrent transactions from customers. D) It is primarily used in gathering new information. E) It prevents illegal entries into a database.

A) It helps to create a query quickly and easily.

Which of the following statements is true about association discovery? A) It is a technique used to find correlations among sets of items. B) It is the process of grouping related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes. C) It is the use of analytical techniques for extracting information from textual documents. D) It is a type of intelligent system that uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice. E) It makes sure that each table contains only attributes that are related to the entity.

A) It is a technique used to find correlations among sets of items.

Which of the following explains the phrase "data is geocoded"? A) It is transformed into coordinates. B) It is shared on the Internet. C) It is used to create Web pages. D) It is compared with similar historical data. E) It is converted into soft data

A) It is transformed into coordinates.

How do online analytical processing systems improve performance? A) They preaggregate data so that only the subset of the data necessary for the queries is extracted. B) They use reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain. C) They make hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem. D) They allow for multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional two-dimensional table. E) They provide capabilities for discovering "hidden" predictive relationships in the data.

A) They preaggregate data so that only the subset of the data necessary for the queries is extracted.

Which of the following statements is true about key-indicator reports? A) They provide a summary of critical information on a recurring schedule. B) They help analyze why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred. C) They are produced at predefined intervals to support routine decisions. D) They highlight situations that are out of the normal range. E) They answer unplanned information requests to support a nonroutine decision

A) They provide a summary of critical information on a recurring schedule.

________ is used by organizations to determine patterns in customers' online utilization data. A) Web usage mining B) Web crawling C) Text mining D) Decision making E) Web content mining

A) Web usage mining

When we consider entities as tables, each column is a(n) ________. A) attribute B) record C) form D) bot E) query

A) attribute

A(n) ________ is a special purpose information system designed to support organizational decision making related to a particular recurring problem. A) decision support system B) intelligent system C) expert system D) neural network E) knowledge management system

A) decision support system

When we consider entities as tables, each row is a(n) ________. A) field B) record C) attribute D) form E) query

B) record

Data dictionaries restrict business rules.

False

Which of the following is the primary goal for deploying a knowledge management system? A) identifying how to recognize, generate, store, share, and manage tacit knowledge B) continuously analyzing large data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by a user C) grouping related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes D) allowing hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem to observe how these changes influence the results E) identifying how to recognize, generate, store, share, and manage explicit knowledge

A) identifying how to recognize, generate, store, share, and manage tacit knowledge

Responding to threats and opportunities and continuous planning are based on analyzing internal data primarily from the ________ level of the organization. A) operational B) executive C) tactical D) business E) strategic

A) operational

Which of the following is a role of monitoring and sensing agents? A) tracking inventory levels B) sending a report at the first of the month automatically C) assembling customized news D) analyzing data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by a user E) finding the best price for a particular product the user wants to purchase

A) tracking inventory levels

________ is the process of grouping related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes. A) Normalization B) Data mining C) Clustering D) Inferencing E) Slicing and dicing

C) Clustering

________ help analyze why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred. A) Ad hoc queries B) Exception reports C) Drill-down reports D) Scheduled reports E) Key-indicator reports

C) Drill-down reports

Which of the following statements is true about a neural network? A) It allows multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional two-dimensional table. B) It works in the background to provide some service when a specific event occurs. C) It attempts to approximate the functioning of the human brain and can learn by example. D) It uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice. E) It helps analyze why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred.

C) It attempts to approximate the functioning of the human brain and can learn by example.

Which of the following statements is true about business intelligence? A) It is the act of outsourcing tasks, traditionally performed by an employee or contractor, to an undefined, large group of people or community, through the use of information technology. B) It is the process by which a customer-owned mutual organization or co-operative changes legal form to a joint stock company. C) It is the use of information systems to gather and analyze information from internal and external sources in order to make better business decisions. D) It is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. E) It is the use of human resources to gather and analyze information from external sources in order to make better business decisions.

C) It is the use of information systems to gather and analyze information from internal and external sources in order to make better business decisions.

Which of the following statements is true about an explicit knowledge asset? A) It reflects the processes and procedures that are located in a person's mind on how to effectively perform a particular task. B) It reflects the person's ability to effectively solve a problem without external help. C) It reflects knowledge that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of information systems. D) It reflects an individual's special knowledge about a new-to-the-world product. E) It reflects the strategies that are located in a person's mind on how to effectively perform a particular task.

C) It reflects knowledge that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of information systems.

Which of the following statements is true about an expert system? A) It is composed of a network of processing elements that work in parallel to complete a task, attempt to approximate the functioning of the human brain, and can learn by example. B) It is a program that works in the background to provide some service when a specific event occurs. C) It uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice. D) It allows you to make hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem and observe how these changes influence the results. E) It groups related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes.

C) It uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice.

________ is the ability of a page to attract and keep visitors. A) Normalization B) Inferencing C) Stickiness D) Crowdsourcing E) Visualization

C) Stickiness

________ refers to the use of analytical techniques for extracting information from textual documents. A) Web usage mining B) Web crawling C) Text mining D) Decision making E) Web content mining

C) Text mining

Treston, an automobile manufacturer, has recently implemented a new database system. It is confident that this system will help enhance the company's internal (employees) and external (customers and channel partners) communication. Treston is planning to pursue a just-in-time inventory system soon after the database system is implemented. After the implementation of the database system, however, Treston realized that the database system was not effective. Which of the following, if true, can be cited as a reason for the failure of Treston's database system? A) Microsoft launched a new version of Enterprise Microsoft Access which is better than Treston's database system. B) The maintenance cost of Treston's new database system was less than the one it was previously using. C) Treston's new database system was not supported by the database system of its suppliers and distributors. D) Treston's competitors implemented its database a few days prior to Treston's implementation date. E) Treston had internally trained personnel managing its new database system, keeping costs low.

C) Treston's new database system was not supported by the database system of its suppliers and distributors

Data type helps the DBMS ________. A) present the data in a useful format B) format data C) allocate storage space D) eliminate data duplication E) retrieve information

C) allocate storage space

Information and knowledge discovery tools are used primarily to ________. A) standardize the format of data retrieved from different systems B) reduce the complexity of the data to be analyzed C) extract information from existing data D) analyze for decision-making support E) allow managers to learn query language for the effective maintenance of the database

C) extract information from existing data

An attribute is also referred to as a ________. A) form B) record C) field D) query E) bot

C) field

In online analytic processing systems, ________ are the values or numbers the user wants to analyze. A) dimensions B) forms C) measures D) queries E) entities

C) measures

A data dictionary is also known as a(n) ________. A) data mart B) data warehouse C) metadata repository D) entity-relationship diagram E) clickstream data

C) metadata repository

The systems that are used to interact with customers and run a business in real time are called ________. A) tactical systems B) strategic systems C) operational systems D) informational systems E) executive systems

C) operational systems

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the database approach? A) enforcement of standards B) program-data independence C) organizational conflict D) minimal data redundancy E) reduced program maintenance

C) organizational conflict

Business analytics augments business intelligence by using ________ analysis to help identify trends or predict business outcomes. A) what-if B) visual C) predictive D) multivariate E) time-series

C) predictive

Online analytical processing tools enable users to ________. A) discover "hidden" predictive relationships in the data B) find associations or correlations among sets of items C) scrutinize different dimensions of data beyond simple data summaries D) group related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes E) extract textual information from Web documents

C) scrutinize different dimensions of data beyond simple data summaries

Bringes, a retail chain, has retail stores across three states. With its current legacy system, Bringes is having problems tracking the inventory levels for its stores. It is planning to implement an Oracle database system to replace this legacy system. Which of the following, if true, most supports Bringes' decision to replace its legacy system with an Oracle database system? A) Implementing an Oracle database system will require hiring additional specialized personnel to manage it. B) Partial implementation of the Oracle database system can create more problems than it is likely to solve. C) Conversion cost required for the implementation of an Oracle database system is not supported by the IT budget. D) Bringes' channel partners use a database system that supports the Oracle database system. E) Maintenance of an Oracle database system is more expensive than the legacy system presently in use.

D) Bringes' channel partners use a database system that supports the Oracle database system.

________ can be achieved by rolling up a data cube to the smallest level of aggregation needed, reducing the dimensionality, or dividing continuous measures into discrete intervals. A) Data cleansing B) Normalization C) Clustering D) Data reduction E) Inferencing

D) Data reduction

Which of the following statements is true about an operational system? A) Its primary purpose is to support managerial decision making. B) It consists of historical or point-in-time data. C) Its goal is to enhance ease of access and use. D) It consists of narrow and simple updates and queries. E) It is primarily used by managers.

D) It consists of narrow and simple updates and queries.

Which of the following statements is true about the online analytic processing cube? A) It allows you to make hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem and observe how these changes influence the results. B) It groups related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes. C) It understands how data are organized in the database and has special functions for analyzing the data. D) It is a data structure allowing for multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional twodimensional table. E) It uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice.

D) It is a data structure allowing for multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional twodimensional table.

Which of the following statements is true about a "rule" in expert systems? A) It groups related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes. B) It makes sure that each table contains only attributes that are related to the entity. C) It allows multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional two-dimensional table. D) It is typically expressed using an "if-then" format. E) It allows you to make hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem and observe how these changes influence the results.

D) It is typically expressed using an "if-then" format.

________ are produced at predefined intervals to support routine decisions. A) Ad hoc queries B) Exception reports C) Drill-down reports D) Scheduled reports E) Key-indicator reports

D) Scheduled reports

Which of the following statements is true about ad hoc queries? A) They are produced at predefined intervals to support routine decisions. B) They provide a summary of critical information on a recurring schedule. C) They help analyze why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred. D) They answer unplanned information requests to support a nonroutine decision. E) They highlight situations that are out of the normal range.

D) They answer unplanned information requests to support a nonroutine decision.

Which of the following statements is true about user agents? A) They are also known as Web spiders. B) They are agents that search to find the best price for a particular product a user wishes to purchase. C) They are agents that continuously analyze large data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by a user. D) They are agents that automatically perform a task for a user. E) They are agents designed by spammers and other Internet attackers to farm e-mail addresses off Web sites or deposit spyware on machines.

D) They are agents that automatically perform a task for a user.

Which of the following is used for Web content mining? A) clustering B) online analytical processing C) neural networks D) Web crawler E) data reduction

D) Web crawler

In DBMS, data are kept separate from the application's programming code. This means that ________. A) an application cannot be changed without making changes to the database B) an application's programming code needs to be updated continuously to keep up with the database C) an application needs to be changed when database is changed D) a database does not need to be changed if a change is made to an application E) a database needs to be changed when a change is made to an application

D) a database does not need to be changed if a change is made to an application

While using digital dashboards, pull reporting is conducted to ________. A) alert the user of any items that require immediate attention B) provide the decision makers with a quick overview of key performance indicators C) discover "hidden" predictive relationships in the data D) analyze the root causes of an exception E) extract textual information from Web documents

D) analyze the root causes of an exception

Which of the following is a role of data mining agents? A) tracking inventory levels B) sending a report at the first of the month automatically C) assembling customized news D) analyzing data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by a user E) finding the best price for a particular product the user wants to purchase

D) analyzing data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by a user

Which of the following is a recording of a user's path through a Web site? A) clustering B) normalization C) slicing and dicing D) clickstream data E) inferencing

D) clickstream data

"Backward looking" budgets are typically based on ________. A) forecasts B) marketing research C) future trends D) historical data E) current market conditions

D) historical data

The purpose of a data warehouse is to ________. A) standardize the format of data retrieved from different systems B) allow managers to run queries and reports themselves without having to know query languages or the structure of the underlying data C) provide capabilities for discovering "hidden" predictive relationships in the data D) put key business information into the hands of more decision makers E) increase the complexity of the data to be analyzed

D) put key business information into the hands of more decision makers

A query is used to ________. A) organize and sort the data in a database B) allocate storage space for a database C) eliminate data duplication D) retrieve data from a database E) prevent illegal or illogical entries from entering the database

D) retrieve data from a database

Which of the following analyses involves making hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem and observing how these changes influence the results? A) predictive analysis B) time-series analysis C) linear regression analysis D) what-if analysis E) multivariate analysis

D) what-if analysis

Which of the following statements is true about hard data? A) It involves the use of text mining technologies. B) It includes nonanalytical information. C) It involves input from dedicated personnel. D) It includes textual news stories. E) It includes facts and numbers.

E) It includes facts and numbers.

Which of the following statements is true about an online analytical processing server? A) It is a data structure allowing for multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional twodimensional table. B) It groups related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes. C) It allows you to make hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem and observe how these changes influence the results. D) It uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice. E) It understands how data are organized in the database and has special functions for analyzing the data.

E) It understands how data are organized in the database and has special functions for analyzing the data.

Which of the following statements is true about an information system? A) Its primary purpose is to run the business on a current basis. B) It is primarily used by online customers, clerks, salespersons, and administrators. C) It consists of narrow and simple updates and queries. D) Its design goal is to enhance performance. E) Its design goal is to enhance ease of access and use.

E) Its design goal is to enhance ease of access and use.

Which of the following statements is true about exception reports? A) They help analyze why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred. B) They are produced at predefined intervals to support routine decisions. C) They answer unplanned information requests to support a nonroutine decision. D) They provide a summary of critical information on a recurring schedule. E) They highlight situations that are out of the normal range.

E) They highlight situations that are out of the normal range.

________ refers to extracting textual information from online documents. A) Web usage mining B) Web crawling C) Text mining D) Decision making E) Web content mining

E) Web content mining

Once the data model is created, the format of the data is documented in a(n) ________. A) data warehouse B) data mart C) expert system D) data type E) data dictionary

E) data dictionary

A ________ is a data warehouse that is limited in scope. A) metadata repository B) master data C) data model D) data reduction E) data mart

E) data mart

In online analytical processing systems, ________ provide a way to summarize the data. A) forms B) measures C) facts D) records E) dimensions

E) dimensions

Social network analysis is a technique that attempts to ________. A) analyze large data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by a user B) analyze why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred C) discover "hidden" predictive relationships in the data D) allow hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem to observe how these changes influence the results E) find experts in particular subject areas

E) find experts in particular subject areas

When the database approach makes it easier to deploy and control data access, which of the following advantages is being referred to? A) improved data accessibility B) improved data consistency C) improved data quality D) increased security E) improved data sharing

E) improved data sharing

Digital dashboards provide the decision makers with a quick overview of key performance indicators and other key operational statistics and trends. This usage model is known as ________. A) exception reporting B) pull reporting C) ad hoc reporting D) drill-down reporting E) push reporting

E) push reporting

A ________ is a collection of related attributes about a single instance of an entity. A) bot B) form C) query D) field E) record

E) record

A(n) ________ is a compilation of data from the database that is organized and produced in printed format. A) form B) attribute C) field D) entity E) report

E) report

Ad hoc queries are always saved because they need to be executed on a regular basis

False

Data mining agents are also known as shopping bots.

False

In a distributed online environment, performing real-time analytical processing enhances the performance of transaction processing.

False

Online transaction processing (OLTP) systems enable us to fill out a grid, or template, in order to construct a sample or description of the data we would like to see, typically using the drag-and-drop features of a graphical user interface to create a query quickly and easily.

False

Text mining refers to extracting textual information from Web documents.

False

The business processes outlined within strategic plans are often implemented as envisioned at the managerial and operational levels of the organization.

False

The output from an expert system is called inferencing.

False

An intelligent agent is also referred to as a bot.

True

Business analytics augments business intelligence by using predictive analysis to help identify trends or predict business outcomes.

True

By combining human intelligence and reasoning capabilities with technology's retrieval and analysis capabilities, visual analytics can help in decision making.

True

Data mining algorithms search for patterns, trends, or rules that are hidden in the data.

True

Expert systems are used to mimic human expertise by manipulating knowledge rather than simply manipulating information.

True

It is possible for a database to consist of only a single file or table.

True

Knowledge portals can be customized to meet the unique needs of their intended users.

True

Master data management is a management rather than a technology-focused issue.

True

Online analytical processing systems are designed for efficient retrieval of data and categorize data as measures and dimensions.

True

Sequence discovery is used to discover associations over time.

True

Structured Query Language is the most common language used to interface with RDBMSs

True

The structure of the data is typically captured in a data model.

True