Chapter 6 Study Module

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

Cilia

The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell __________.

Cytoskeleton

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.

The plasma membrane

The organelle that is a plant cell's compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the __________.

central vacuole

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________.

human skin cell

The extracellular matrix of the animal cell has all of the following molecular components except _________

middle lamella

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of __________.

mitochondria and chloroplasts

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________.

nucleoid

Cells are small because __________.

of the geometric relationships between surface and volume

Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________.

plasmodesmata; gap junctions

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

ribosomes, rough ER, smooth ER

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________.

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins

Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________.

with motor proteins

Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are all of the following except __________. A. that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes B. that mitochondria and chloroplasts can grow and reproduce within a cell C. that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of circular DNA molecules associated with their membranes D. that the ancestral prokaryote had two outer membranes, which became the double membranes of the mitochondria and chloroplasts E. that mitochondria and chloroplasts are somewhat independent within a cell

C.

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? A. Chloroplast B. Nuclear envelope C. Ribosomes D. Mitochondrion

C. Ribosomes

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true? A. Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching. B. Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall. C. Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support. D. Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules. E. Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

E. Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.

Peroxisomes

Animal cells have unique organelles called __________ that are composed of structures called __________.

centrosomes; centrioles

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.

in the rough ER and the golgi apparatus

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?

motor proteins

Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________.

secrete a lot of protein

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

they are bound together by tight junctions

Which of the following is false with respect to cells' chromosomes? A. Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide. B. Chromosomes contain DNA and proteins. C. Chromosomes are present throughout a cell's reproductive cycle. D. Chromosomes exist even when cells are not actively synthesizing proteins.

A

The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________.

nuclear envelope, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.

plasmodesmata