Chapter 6: The Proteins and Amino Acids D

a. nitrogen equilibrium

Under normal circumstances, healthy adults are in __________. a. nitrogen equilibrium b. positive nitrogen balance c. acid-base imbalance d. nitrogen imbalance e. negative nitrogen balance

a. 40 g

What is the DRI for protein for a 37-year-old female who is 5'4" tall and weighs 110 lb? a. 40 g b. 35 g c. 60 g d. 75 g e. 55 g

e. essential amino acids

Which amino acids cannot be synthesized in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs? a. amines b. nonessential amino acids c. conditionally essential amino acids d. polypeptides e. essential amino acids

a. 0.8 g/kg

The DRI for protein intake for an adult is __________ of body weight. a. 0.8 g/kg b. 1.0 g/kg c. 5.0 g/kg d. 0.5 g/kg e. 2.2 g/kg

c. gastric acid; peptide bonds

**********Digestion of food proteins in the stomach is carried out by the enzyme pepsin, which is activated in the presence of __________. This enzyme reaction attacks food protein's __________. a. gastric acid; amino acids b. glucose; amino acids c. gastric acid; peptide bonds d. a strong base; peptide bonds e. a strong base; amino acids

b. 10-50

Polypeptides are proteins that contain how many different kinds of amino acids? a. 5-10 b. 10-50 c. 100-200 d. 50-150 e. 500-1,000

chronic disease, lower, cancer

Eating a vegetarian diet may offer protection against developing [lower, higher, cancer, osteoporosis, chronic] diseases , which often lead to increased mortality. Vegetarians tend to have [lower, higher, cancer, osteoporosis, chronic] blood pressure and reduced risk of [lower, higher, cancer, osteoporosis, chronic] compared to meat-eaters.

nitrogen, amino acids, shape

Proteins are complex compounds within living tissue composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and [amino acids, nitrogen, iron, shape, elements, atoms]. Proteins are made of smaller units called [amino acids, nitrogen, iron, shape, elements, atoms] each with a unique side chain that differs in size, [amino acids, nitrogen, iron, shape, elements, atoms] , and electrical charge.

brain/immune/absorption/kidneys

A protein deficient diet can cause symptoms of malnutrition. These symptoms include impaired [immune, kidneys, brain, absorption, digestion, lungs] and kidney function, weakened [immune, kidneys, brain, absorption, digestion, lungs]defenses, and impaired nutrient [immune, kidneys, brain, absorption, digestion, lungs]. However, overconsumption of protein also poses health risks, particularly for individuals with weakened [immune, kidneys, brain, absorption, digestion, lungs]

Enzymes, denature, hemoglobin, collagen

[enzymes, hemoglobin, polypeptide, collagen, denature]are proteins that can chemically change the shape of other substances, such as during digestion. Heat can [enzymes, hemoglobin, polypeptide, collagen, denature] a protein, making it non-functional. Different proteins, such as [enzymes, hemoglobin, polypeptide, collagen, denature] , can transport oxygen via blood. Other proteins, [enzymes, hemoglobin, polypeptide, collagen, denature], act as glue between the cells.

a. protein turnover

^^^^^^^^^^^Amino acids are needed each day to support the new growth and maintenance of cells because there is a continuous breakdown and synthesis of proteins within the body called __________. a. protein turnover b. acidosis c. enzymatic utilization d. malnutrition e. catalysis sparing

b. hormones

What are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream, resulting in a cellular response? Many are made from amino acids. a. enzymes b. hormones c. neurotransmitters d. collagen e. catalysts

b. legumes

What are plants that accumulate nitrogen and are efficient at trapping nitrogen that farmers often grow them in rotation with other crops? These plants are often included with meat in the protein food groups. a. tofu b. legumes c. sweet potatoes d. wheat grains e. peanuts

b. small intestine

What contains enzymes that split peptide strands into tripeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids? It is also where amino acids are absorbed. a. stomach b. small intestine c. large intestine d. pancreas e. liver

d. ½ cup legumes (122 cal)

^^^^^^^^^^^Approximately the same amount of protein is provided by each of the following foods, which are all cooked or ready to eat: ½ cup legumes; 1½ cups broccoli; 1 oz cheese; and 2 T peanut butter. Which of these would be the most nutrient-dense food choice for protein? a. 2 T peanut butter (191 cal) b. 1 oz cheese (115 cal) c. 1½ cups broccoli (82 cal) d. ½ cup legumes (122 cal)