Chapter 6 World History

Capital definition

A city that is the center of government.

What is Hammurabi best remembered for?

A code of laws

Code of laws definition

A collection of written laws and rules.

Empire definition

A large territory in which several groups of people are ruled by a single leader of government.

Siege definition

A military blockade and attack on a city to force its surrender.

Invaders definition

A person or group of people that forcefully enters a place as an enemy.

Strategies definition

A plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.

Techniques definition

A way of carrying out a particular task.

How can you title grain, woven cloth, wood, gold and silver and livestock?

Babylonian Trade

How did the Akkadians get the resources to build up their capital city?

Collected tribute from conquered peoples.

What was a problem that all four Mesopotamia empires have?

Controlling such a large area.

Who was Hammurabi? What was the significance of his code of laws?

Hammurabi was the next ruler (king) to unite all of Mesopotamia awhile after the fall of Akkadians. He was the king of Babylon. After conquering Mesopotamia, he made Babylon the capital of his empire. The region became known as the Babylonian Empire or simply Babylonia. His code of laws were significant because although the laws and punishment did not treat all people equally, Hammurabi's code of laws were the first set of laws to apply to everyone.

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were a wonder of the ancient world. Where were they planted?

High on the royal palace

How was the legal system of Babylon more advanced than that of other societies at that time?

It gave women some rights.

Hypothesize as to why so much conquest took place in Mesopotamia. Explain your hypothesis.

Mesopotamia was a very advanced place and people wanted to be apart of that! Close proximity to rivers made it a great location and they had a huge population. They had a developed culture and civilization and were always competing for water! Lack of unity left them open to attacks by the next stronger group. I believe that so much conquering happened in Mesopotamia because people wanted what Mesopotamia had.Their soil was so good it was known as the "Cradle of Civilization." Mesopotamia grew to become so great because of their civilization and cultures. I feel like if the city-states would have had unity there wouldn't have been as much fighting.

What did the Akkadians use to gain power over Sumer?

Military strategy

Who conquered the land of the Israelites and took many Israelites to Babylon as captives?

Nebuchadrezzar

What were Nebuchadrezzar's accomplishments?

Nebuchadrezzar was the ruthless military leader and famous king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. He reigned from 605 to 562 B.C.E and expanded his empire whenever he could. He kept Babylon safe by building an inner wall and an outer wall around the city. He placed towers on the wall for archers to stand on and dug a moat. He gave Babylon back the splendor it had enjoyed under Hammurabi. Nebuchadrezzar rebuilt Babylon's ziggurat. He decorated his palace with fabulous gardens. In fact, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon are considered to be one of the wonders of the ancient world. The Neo-Babylonians were skilled in mathematics and astronomy. They created the first sundial, the 60 minute hour and the 7 day week.

Which city was the capital of the Assyrian Empire?

Nineveh

The Sumerians were a civilization, but not an empire. What feature did the Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian empires have that the Sumerians lacked?

One government ruled several groups

What did the Akkadians use steles for?

Record important events

Which leader of empires came first?

Sargon

Did the Akkadians adopt Sumerian writing and language? Explain.

Sumerian culture lived on even though the Akkadians were in charge. Over time the Akkadians did have their own cultural achivevements. Over time the Akkadian language replaced the Sumerian language. It was not something that happened right away.

Description of the Akkadian Empire (main idea and important details of achievement, show knowledge of Mesopotamian empire)

The Akkadian Empire created the first empire and steles which recorded important information of the time.

What was life like in Mesopotamia under Assyrian rule?

The Assyrian Empire was ruled by powerful kings. Religion remained very important to the people. They believed their kings were special beings. To honor these kings, the Assyrians built beautiful palaces. The great palace was located in the capital city of Ninevah. They built some of the first aqueducts to bring drinking water to Ninevah from as far as 30 miles away. The Assyrians were known for their two-dimensional sculptures called bas-reliefs.

Description of the Assyrian Empire (main idea and important details of achievement, show knowledge of Mesopotamian empire)

The Assyrians mastered siege warfare which helped them conquer many of city-states and cities of the time. Their greatest achievements were new weapons and war strategies. They also created some of the first aqueducts.

Description of the Neo-Babylonian Empire (main idea and important details of achievement, show knowledge of Mesopotamian empire)

The Neo-Babylonians were skilled in mathematics and astronomy. Their leader, Nebuchadrezzar, was a strong military leader. He created the Hanging Gardens of Babylon viewed as one of the great wonders of the world. They created the first sundial, 60 minute hours, and 7 day weeks.

Description of the Babylonian Empire (main idea and important details of achievement, show knowledge of Mesopotamian empire)

The leader, Hammurabi, created a code of laws that united his empire. These laws were the first laws to apply to everyone. His capital, Babylon, was an important center for trade.

Authority definition

The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.

Unity definition

The state of being united or joined as a whole.

Economy definition

The way a region or country uses resources to produce and sell or trade goods and services to meet people's needs and wants.

What was a problem caused by Sumerian city-states' independence from one another?

They could not defend themselves against stronger groups.

What was the purpose of the Assyrian aqueducts?

To bring water to the city

Assembled definition

To collect (things) or gather (people) into one place of group.

What did the Assyrians use siege techniques, battering rams and movable towers for?

To conquer cities

Why did Nebuchadrezzar build 2 walls, some towers, and a moat around his capital?

To protect the city from attacks.

Tribute definition

Wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior.

What strategies did Sargon use to conquer the independent city-states of Sumer? What strategies did he use to control and maintain his empire?

• Both a strong king and a skilled general • Used effective military strategies • Assembled a large army • Taught soldiers to fight in tight formations • Soldiers carrying shields stood at front • Next came soldiers carrying spears • Spear carries extended their weapons between the shields.