Chapter 60

Which diagnostic test would the nurse expect to be ordered for a client with lower extremity muscle weakness?

Electromyograph (EMG)

A client undergoes an arthroscopy at the outpatient clinic. After the procedure, the nurse provides discharge teaching. Which response by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

"I should use my heating pad this evening to reduce some of the pain in my knee."

A patient is scheduled for a procedure that will allow the physician to visualize the knee joint in order to diagnose the patient's pain. What procedure will the nurse prepare the patient for?

Arthroscopy

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has been diagnosed with geriatric failure to thrive. The nurse should perform interventions to prevent what complication?

Muscle atrophy

After a fracture, during which stage or phase of bone healing is devitalized tissue removed and new bone reorganized into its former structural arrangement?

Remodeling

A client is receiving ongoing nursing care for the treatment of Parkinson disease. When assessing this client's gait, what finding is most closely associated with this health problem?

Shuffling gait

Tendons are cordlike structures that attach muscles to the periosteum of the bone. Which is not true about tendons?

Tendons attach muscle to a bone in just one location.

The nurse understands that bone maintenance requires a balance between forming and dissolving bone. What is a correct statement about the function of osteoblasts?

They secrete a matrix that consists of collagen.

The primary functions of cartilage are to reduce friction between articular surfaces, absorb shocks, and reduce stress on joint surfaces. Where in the human body is cartilage found?

Types of cartilage include costal cartilage, which connects the ribs and sternum; semilunar cartilage, which is one of the cartilages of the knee joint; fibrous cartilage, found between the vertebrae (intervertebral disks); and elastic cartilage, found in the larynx, epiglottis, and outer ear

The human body has 206 bones, which are classified into four categories. Which types of bones are located in the digits?

short bones

A nurse is assessing a child who has a diagnosis of muscular dystrophy. Assessment reveals that the child's muscles have greater-than-normal tone. The nurse should document the presence of

spasticity.

The nurse's comprehensive assessment of an older adult involves the assessment of the client's gait. How should the nurse best perform this assessment?

Instruct the client to walk away from the nurse for a short distance and then toward the nurse.

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint?

Knee

Which term refers to moving away from midline?

Abduction

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of cancer that has metastasized. What laboratory value would the nurse expect to be elevated in this client?

Alkaline phosphatase

A client has undergone arthroscopy. After the procedure, the site where the arthroscope was inserted is covered with a bulky dressing. The client's entire leg is also elevated without flexing the knee. What is the appropriate nursing intervention required in caring for a client who has undergone arthroscopy?

Apply a cold pack at the insertion site.

A client has been experiencing progressive increases in knee pain and diagnostic imaging reveals a worsening effusion in the synovial capsule. The nurse should anticipate what diagnostic procedure?

Arthrocentesis

Which is useful in identifying acute or chronic tears of the joint capsule or supporting ligaments of the knee, shoulder, ankle, hip, or wrist?

Arthrography

An older adult client has symptoms of osteoporosis and is being assessed during her annual physical examination. The assessment shows that the client will require further testing related to a possible exacerbation of her osteoporosis. The nurse should anticipate what diagnostic test?

Bone densitometry

Which hormone inhibits bone reabsorption and increases calcium deposit in the bone?

Calcitonin

Which is an indicator of neurovascular compromise?

Capillary refill of more than 3 seconds

A client has had a cast placed for the treatment of a humeral fracture. The nurse's most recent assessment shows signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?

Contact the primary provider immediately

A nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment of a client with arthritis. During passive range-of-motion exercises, the nurse hears an audible grating sound. The nurse should document the presence of what assessment finding?

Crepitus

Which term refers to the shaft of the long bone?

Diaphysis

A client is diagnosed with a fracture of a diarthrosis joint. What is an example of this type of joint?

Elbow

A patient has had a stroke and is unable to move the right upper and lower extremity. During assessment the nurse picks up the arm and it is limp and without tone. How would the nurse document this finding?

Flaccidity

A client has sustained traumatic injuries that involve several bone fractures. A fracture of what type of bone may interfere with the protection of the client's vital organs?

Flat bones

A nurse is taking a health history on a new client who has been experiencing unexplained paresthesia. What question should guide the nurse's assessment of the client's altered sensations?

How does the feeling in the affected extremity compare with the feeling in the unaffected extremity?

The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult patient and observes the patient has an increased forward curvature of the thoracic spine. What does the nurse understand this common finding is known as?

Kyphosis

The client presents with an exaggeration of the lumbar spine curve. How does the nurse interpret this finding?

Lordosis

The results of a nurse's musculoskeletal examination show an increase in the lumbar curvature of the spine. The nurse should recognize the presence of what health problem?

Lordosis

Which nerve is being assessed when the nurses asks the client to dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes?

Peroneal

What would not be included in client and family teaching after a musculoskeletal injury?

Pursue any physical activities that are comfortable.

A nurse's assessment of a teenage girl reveals that her shoulders are not level and that she has one prominent scapula that is accentuated by bending forward. The nurse should expect to read about what health problem in the client's electronic health record?

Scoliosis

A nurse practitioner assesses a patient's movement in his left hand after a cast is removed. The nurse asks the patient to turn his wrist so the palm of his hand is facing up. This movement is known as:

Supination.

Skull sutures are an example of which type of joint?

Synarthrosis

The nurse working in the orthopedic surgeon's office is asked to schedule a shoulder arthrography. The nurse determines that the surgeon suspects which finding?

Tear in the joint capsule

A client is seen in the emergency room for a knee injury that happened during a basketball game. Diagnostic tests reveal torn cords of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. What type of tear has this client sustained?

Tendon

While reading a client's chart, the nurse notices that the client is documented to have paresthesia. The nurse plans care for a client with

abnormal sensations.

During the physical assessment of a client with a musculoskeletal disorder, which techniques would enable the nurse to determine the client's ability to exhibit fine motor skills?

asking the client to grasp objects

The nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment of a client in a nursing home who had a stroke 2 years ago and who has right-sided hemiplegia. The nurse notes that the girth of the client's right calf is 2 inches less in diameter than the left calf. The nurse attributes the decreased girth to

atrophy of right calf muscle

The human body has 206 bones, which are classified into four categories. Which types of bones are located in the forearm?

long bones

A nurse is performing a nursing assessment of a client suspected of having a musculoskeletal disorder. What should the nurse prioritize during the assessment of a client who has a musculoskeletal disorder?

Activities of daily living