Chapter 7, 8, and 9

The beginnings of an industrial labor supply can be traced to

a dramatic increase in food production.

In the American mind of the 1820s, the Far West was seen as

a great desert.

The Essex Junto was

a group of radical Federalists who wanted to take New England out of the Union.

John C. Calhoun advanced the theory of nullification as

a moderate alternative to secession.

The southern failure to create a flourishing commercial or industrial economy was in part the result of

a set of values distinctive to the South that discouraged the growth of cities and industry.

After the war, the nation's most pressing economic need was

a transportation system that would provide manufacturers access to raw materials and markets.

The congressional elections of 1810 were important because they

added a number of young, western, anti-British representatives to the House.

Which of the following was NOT a democratic reform of the age of Jackson?

adoption of the secret ballot

Tecumseh was important because he

advocated Indian unity to stop white expansion.

In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court

affirmed its power to nullify an act of Congress.

The rise of New York City in the first half of the nineteenth century was the result of all of the following EXCEPT

an absence of "nativist" sentiment.

The Black Belt was

an area of dark, rotted limestone soil that was excellent for cotton.

In the Republican vision of America, education was essential because

an ignorant electorate could not be trusted to preserve democracy.

One of the immediate results of the new transportation routes constructed during the "canal age" was

an increased white settlement in the Northwest.

The "force bill" of 1833

authorized the president to use force to see that acts of Congress were obeyed.

Jefferson refused to ask for war after the Chesapeake-Leopard incident because he

believed "peaceable coercion" would work.

A minority of southern whites owned slaves,

but the slaveholding planters exercised power and influence far in excess of their numbers.

The Panic of 1819

did little to change American attitudes toward growth and expansion.

The penny press

did not use banner headlines to attract a readership.

Thomas Jefferson and his supporters succeeded in

doubling the size of the United States.

The national bank was supported by

eastern business interests.

The nativist movement wanted to

enact more restrictive naturalization laws.

The Lowell or Waltham system of recruiting labor was to

enlist young women from farm families.

The goal of the Jacksonians was to

ensure that people could rise to prominence on the basis of their own talents and energies.

The Monroe Doctrine

established American preeminence in the Western Hemisphere.

The decisions of the Marshall Court

established the primacy of the federal government in regulating the economy and opened the way for an increased federal role in promoting economic growth.

The campaign of 1840

featured a protégé of Jackson's who proved unable to convince the electorate that he was a supporter of the "common man."

The Hartford Convention was held in an effort to

force Republicans to address the grievances New England Federalists had against the Madison administration.

The lasting significance of Gibbons v. Ogden was that it

freed transportation systems from restraints by the states.

Robert Y. Hayne supported the continued sale of western lands in an effort to

get western support for efforts to reduce the tariff.

Historians of the Jacksonian era

have debated whether he was really a supporter of the "common man."

Jefferson had reservations about buying Louisiana because

he doubted his constitutional power to do so.

Roger B. Taney's tenure as chief justice

helped modify Marshall's vigorous nationalism.

Which of the following helped enlarge the urban population in this era?

immigrants from Europe northeast farmers the growth of the population as a whole immigrants from Europe and the growth of the population as a whole

The railroad network that developed during this period linked

improved water-power generators

The paternalistic factory system of Lowell and Waltham did not last long because

in the highly competitive textile market, manufacturers were eager to cut labor costs.

In the middle-class family during this era, the role of women changed from

income producer to income consumer.

During the Jacksonian era, the number of voters

increased at a more rapid pace than did the population as a whole.

The South in 1860, in contrast to 1800, had become

increasingly unlike the North and increasingly sensitive to criticism.

The Prophet, Tenskwatawa, was significant because he

inspired an Indian religious revival that helped unite the tribes.

The apparent goal of the "Burr conspiracy" was to

invade Mexico and take it from the Spanish.

The South had a "colonial" economy in that

it produced raw materials and purchased finished products.

The administration of President James Monroe was called the "era of good feelings" because

it was a time of few factional disputes and partisan divisions.

The Missouri crisis stood in sharp contrast to the general tone of the nation at the time because

it went against the general feelings of unity and nationalism prevalent in the nation at the time.

The work of Eli Whitney

led to the expansion of the cotton culture and slavery.

The greatest accomplishment of Chief Justice John Marshall was that he

made the judiciary a coequal branch of government.

John Marshall's influence on the Supreme Court was so great that he

more than anyone other than the framers themselves molded the development of the Constitution.

The growth of the agricultural economy of the Northwest affected the sectional alignment of the United States because

northwestern goods were sold to residents of the Northeast and northeastern industries sold their products to the Northwest.

The Black Hawk War

occurred because Black Hawk and his followers refused to recognize a treaty by which they ceded their lands to the U.S.

Early in the nineteenth century, the American merchant marine could be described as

one of the most important in the world.

When the Indian removal was completed,

only elements of the Seminole and Cherokee remained.

During the 1820s and 1830s, railroads

played only a secondary role in the nation's transportation system.

Daniel Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" was made in an attempt to

refute Calhoun's theory of nullification.

Washington, D.C.

remained little more than a village throughout the nineteenth century.

Determined to reduce the Bank's power even before its charter expired, Jackson

removed government deposits from the Bank.

Under Nicholas Biddle, the national bank

restrained poorly managed state banks.

Medical practitioners in the United States

restricted the traditional roles of women in the field during the years after the Revolution.

The most profound economic development in mid-nineteenth-century America was the

rise of the factory.

At the time it was completed, the Erie Canal was

the greatest construction project Americans had ever undertaken.

Crucial to the operation of railroads was

the invention of the telegraph.

The addition of Florida to the nation was due largely to

the military conquests of Andrew Jackson within the territory.

In its rulings concerning the Indian tribes, the Marshall Court held that

the national government, not the states, had authority.

According to "nationalists" in the government, "internal improvements" should be financed by

the national government.

Early in the nineteenth century, religious traditionalists were alarmed over

the rise of "rational" religious doctrines.

The Second Bank of the United States could deal with the nation's currency problem by

using its size and power to compel state banks to issue sound notes or go out of business.

The most significant change regarding "party" to take place in the Jacksonian era was the

view that institutionalized parties were a desirable part of the political process.

Horse racing in America

was constrained by issues of race and class.

The Second National Bank of the United States

was essentially the same institution supported by Alexander Hamilton a generation before.

The telegraph

was first used to announce the victory of James K. Polk in the presidential election of 1844.

The American population between 1820 and 1840

was migrating westward.

The American "mountain men"

were closely tied to the expanding market economy of the United States.

Shakespeare's plays

were generally viewed as entertainment for the nation's elite classes.

The Seminole

were never completely removed from their lands in Florida.

Federalists were upset by the Louisiana Purchase because they believed

western states would be Republican states.

Apart from the British, the real losers in the War of 1812 were the

Indian tribes in the Southwest and the Great Lakes region.

Adams's nationalistic program, which was a lot like Clay's American System, was not funded because

Jackson's supporters in Congress voted against it.

The South Carolina Exposition and Protest condemned as unconstitutional the

"tariff of abominations."

Which of the following did NOT occur after the War of 1812?

All banking was left to the states.

The Whig Party

All these answers are correct.

The great technical advances in American industry owed much to

American inventors.

The "Five Civilized Tribes" were the

Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw.

The charge of a "corrupt bargain" was raised when

Clay supported Adams for the presidency and was appointed secretary of state.

The most significant result of the Eaton affair was that

Martin Van Buren emerged as Jackson's choice to succeed him.

The Embargo act hurt which of the following most?

New England

Most of the industrial growth experienced in the United States between 1840 and 1860 took place in the

New England region and the mid-Atlantic states.

In his victory in 1828, Jackson drew his greatest support from the

South and the West.

The Second Great Awakening

combined a more active piety with a belief in a God whose grace could be attained through faith and good works.

Jefferson told the Indians of the Northwest they could

convert themselves to farmers or move west.

Artisan workers

created the nation's earliest trade unions.

During his administration, Thomas Jefferson

cut the national debt almost in half.

After peace was restored, "infant industries" that prospered during the war

demanded that the government protect them from foreign competition.

The most important economic development in the mid-nineteenth-century South was the

shift of economic power from the "upper South" to the "lower South."

The expansion of southern agriculture from 1820 to 1860 was due to the expanded cultivation of

short-staple cotton in the Black Belt.

Which of the following did NOT inhibit the growth of effective labor resistance?

slavery

The Missouri crisis, which was settled by a compromise in 1820, was significant because it was a sign of sectional crisis and because it

stood in such sharp contrast to the rising American nationalism of the 1820s.

After the Panic of 1837, the Democrats' efforts to produce a new financial system resulted in the creation of

the "independent treasury" or "subtreasury" system.

Which of the following did Jackson and the Jacksonians NOT attack?

the "spoils system"

The Cherokee were supported in their unsuccessful battle against removal by

the Supreme Court.

The reason the unequal distribution of wealth did NOT create more resentment was

the actual living standard of the workers was improving.

The drive to create a national culture included all of the following EXCEPT

the creation of a national style of music.