Chapter 7

Plessy v. Ferguson

As long as States maintained "separate but equal" facilities, they did not violate the fourteenth amendment. Upheld Jim Crow.

Franchisement

Granting someone the right to vote. 15th Amendment granted all men the right to vote.

De Facto Segregation

It was a fact things would be segregated. African Americans faced widespread segregation in the North as well as in the south.

Disenfranchising

Taking away the voting rights of African Americans; taking place in the South violation of the 15th Amendment.

Jim Crow Laws

that kept blacks and whites segregated or apart.

De Jure Segregation

Segregation by law.

W.E.B. Du Bois

1.) Argued that blacks should demand full and equal rights immediately. 2.) Du Bois felt the burden of achieving equality should not rest on the shoulders of African Americans alone. 3.) Du Bois earned a Ph.D. from Harvard University. 4.) He believed that people should obtain a liberal arts degree to focus on skills that would be needed in the fight for Civil Rights.

Booker T. Washington

1.) Believed that black citizens should accommodate themselves to segregation and build up their own economic resources through hard work. 2.) He founded the Tuskegee Institute and became known for providing "industrial education" often Known as a vocational education. 3.) By working hard and waiting patiently, African Americans would gradually win while American respect and be able to exercise their full voting and citizen rights.

Ida B. Wells

1.) Devoted her life to the crusade against lynching. 2.) Wells also worked for women's suffrage. She helped found the NACW- National Association for Colored Women. They set up day care centers to educate children while parents went to work. 3.) She was a member of the NAACP. 4.) She became one of the first black women to run for public office when in 1930, she ran for the Illinois State Legislature.

Chinese Americans

1.) Faced racial prejudice 2.) Faced with severe job discrimination, some Chinese-Americans started their own businesses.

The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

1.) Formed by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Lady Stanton 2.) They wanted an Amendment for Women's Suffrage.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

1.) Formed from the Niagara Movement. 2.) The NAACP were black and whites. The group's strategy was to use the courts to challenge unfair laws. Du Bois served as Secretary to the NAACP. 3.) Helped Middle Class people.

Niagara Movement

1.) It was helped founded by W.E.B. DuBois 2.) In the summer of 1905 a group of thinkers met to discuss racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices.

Chinese Exclusion

1.) Passed in 1882 2.) Tried to bam Chinese laborers from entering the country.

Temperance

1.) The ban of the sale of alcohol 2.) Women will play important roles in other reform movements such as the Women's Christian Temperance Union.

Suffrage

1.) The right to vote 2.) In the 1900s, women's suffrage movement was reenergized.

Working Women

1.) They began to gain better jobs during the Progressive Period, which led them to fight for labor and voting rights. 2.) The number of women attending college increased

Susan B. Anthony

1.) Voted in an election in 1872 and was arrested. 2.) Awaiting trial, she toured the nation, delivering a powerful speech on the issue.

WWI

1.) When the U.S. entered WWI in 1917, Carrie Catt and Florence Kelly led the NAWSA to support the war effort. 2.) Their actions and those of the NWP convinced people to support a woman's suffrage amendment.

Las Gorras Blancas

A Mexican American group, fought for their rights by inflicting property damage on landowners and publishing grievances in their own newspaper.

Grandfather Clauses

Allowed a person to vote as long as their ancestors had prior to 1866.

What happened to voter turn out in the South?

Black participation in politics fell dramatically.

What 3 important leaders emerged and called for equality during the Gilded Age?

Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Ida B. Wells

Women

During the Gilded Age, leaders wanted to further the rights of women and were disappointed when women were not included in the 14th and 15th Amendment.

Urban League

Focused on poorer workers. They set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities

Florence Kelly

Fought to end child labor; an advocate for working women's rights; helped found the Consumers League and the Women's Trade Union League.

Carrie Chapman Catt

Headed the NAWSA; had a "winning plan" to gain women suffrage; lobby Congress for a national amendment and go State by State passing suffrage laws.

19th Amendment

In June 1919, Congress approved; giving all women the right to vote.

Mexican Americans

In the Southwest, four out of the five Mexican Americans lost their land after the Mexican-American War, despite a treaty which guaranteed their property rights.

Alice Paul

Leader of the National Women's Party (NWP); used radical strategies to gain women's suffrage such as hunger strikes and protest marches.

Anti-suffrage

Men and women who did not want women to have the right to vote; believed it would take away from their families and make women too masculine.

Ways that Southern States were practicing disenfranchising against African Americans (voting rights were restricted)

Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests, and Grandfather clauses.

Margaret Sanger

She opened the first birth control clinic.

What are some ways that African Americans refused to accept their status as second class citizens?

They established black newspapers, women's clubs, fraternal organizations, schools and colleges, and political associations.

Literacy Tests

Voters had to pass "understanding tests"

Poll Taxes

Voters had to pay a tax to vote.

Western States that allowed Women to vote

Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and Idaho