Chapter 7
Explain Clarks campaign
1778: VA sent George Rogers Clark to fight the British beyond Appalachian Mountains Send him to remove many of the British who are beyond the Appalachian mountains Clark's campaign captured 2 outposts = British and Native American allies surrendered Clarks campaign are able to capture two forts Those two forts were on the Mississippi River Allows more freedom of movement for the Patriots
___________________ African Americans in Continental army; _______________ African Americans in Continental navy Serving in every colony but what ?
5,000 2,000 South Carolina
It's estimated that about ____________________ loyalists/colonists will actively serve in the British army
50,000
Explain the problem with Congress had the power to make laws for the country as a whole but they did not have the power to enforce those laws
A power and a limit at the same time Pretty much just suggestions
What solution did Congress come up with with fix their financial problems ?
Congress chartered/established a "Bank of North America" in Philadelphia
Why was it a bad thing that each state had it own trade policy and set taxes on outside goods?
Congress doesn't have control and import taxes aren't going to them
What was the biggest cause of death during the revolution ?
Disease
Why was having untrained soilders a disadvantage for the patriots ?
Disorganized People would desert and leave before their term was complete And once their term was complete they would not reenlist
______________________ ("Swamp Fox") led soldiers silently through SC swamps using guerilla attacks (for the Patriots) He was really good at maneuvering silently through this swampy area Stationed his soldiers throughout the swamp just waiting for the British who had no idea where they were
Francis Marion guerilla
those who refused to swear allegiance to the Patriot cause lost their civil rights and property and experienced mob violence
Loyalists
What side Loyalists or Patriots did most Natives choose to align with ? Why ?
Loyalists They thought the British were more likely to win They thought that if the British won they could get some more land back The British had already tried to keep their land relatively contained and separate and they are hoping that would happen again The natives and settlers would go back to having set boundaries Economic reasons too Furs Weapons
What is the British plan at Saratoga and why do they want to do this?
attack Albany from 3 directions and take control of the Hudson River to stop flow of soldiers and supplies (trying to cut off New England) Also hoping that if they can have 3 separate units attack one city it will be an easy win
Explain the Land Ordinance of 1785 Set up of the land What the land was like Major thing that we first see come out of this
Surveyors divided public lands into townships that were then sold to settlers Essentially each township would have 36 sections of 1 square mile each (640 acres) You could move out and purchase the whole 640 acres and do whatever you wanted with it Sold for a very cheap price ($1 an acre) So cheap so more people would buy it and push the British out Very fertile farmland A law that you could only sell 35 out of the 36 lots Had to keep one for public services like public schooling First time we see this
How prepared were Washingtons soilders when he led them across the Delaware ?
The vast majority of his soldiers are quite underprepared (very little weapons and boots) Marching through snow and cold
How did congress deal with the issue of untrained or too few soldiers?
They created something where you had to stay in the military for 3 years They started to pay soldiers You would get a regular paycheck You could also get free land after your term was up
The document that discussed peace after the revolution and effects how the US interacts with other countries from this point forward When the US starts being viewed as their own nation
Treaty of Paris
Who was Benedict Arnold?
Was a Patriot General who was essentially guarding/commanding West Point in New York One of the key forts in the colonies at the time Becomes a little bit salty and feels as if he is not being given the recognition he deserves Simple tasks Also very interested in getting more money He sort of makes a plan with the British and established this plan to give them West Point Becomes a paid spy for the British His plan was discovered by another Patriot military unit before he is able to carry it out He does escape with other Loyalists Becomes known as a traitor Becomes one of the highest ranking general in the British Army Leads the British in attacking some Patriot settlement even in his own state He is getting the recognition from the British that he thought he deserved in the Patriot army
Even though the soldiers on the colonists side weren't well trained they had great _____________________ that was able to help them succeed
Leadership
The largest British defeat before Yorktown?
Saratoga
Explain the significance of Saratoga and Yorktown
Saratoga = turning point and foreign aid Yorktown = British surrender
Two most significant battles of the Revolutionary war?
Saratoga and Yorktown
During this time you have about _______________________ dollars being put into the economy and there is now way to control this from both the congress printing money and the states printing money
$400 million
1776-1780 ____________ states adopted constitutions.
14 During the revolution we do see that the states adopt constitutions
When men are joining the continental army they are usually only joining for about _______ years. Why is this an issue ?
1 Constant flow of new men and some will just leave if their service is done Some might even abandon the whole cause if the fighting gets bad since they are not obligated to be there Have to train all new soldiers
Explain the form of government created under the Articles of Confederation Name Who was in it Voting
1 branch with equal representation among states Will be called Congress And each states will send one delegate to congress Doesn't matter how large your state is you will have one vote in congress Since their would be 13 votes things would be decided with a simple majority Except if there was a major vote it would need at least 9 of the 13 states to approve of it
1776: ________________ African Americans lived in the colonies. African Americans (free or enslaved) were initially excluded from joining the Continental army, why ?
1/2 million It was pretty much a loyalty issue because the colonists thought they might turn their weapons against them
Only about __________________ of the 200,000 will be part of the continental army the other half will be part of their colonies ________________
100,000 Militias
Out of the 350,000 eligible men who could have served in the continental army how many men actually served in the war?
200,000
December __________, 1776 (night) Washington led 2,400 across the ____________________ in a surprise attack against the British
25 Delaware River
At one given time in the war how many men would actually be fighting on the continental army ?
25,000
December ___________, 1776: Americans attacked ______________ from 2 sides in the early morning and captured almost _______________ Hessians
26 Trenton, NJ 1,000
How many British soilders were there in the battle of Long Island compared to the Patriots ?
32-34 thousand troops and 10,000 sailors (British) 20,000 troops no navy (Patriots)
At the time when the war is beginning there are about ________________ eligible soldiers for the continental army (white men)
350,000
Roughly _______________ loyalists fled to England, British West Indies or to Canada . Why ?
80,000 Due to the violence and targeting they are facing due to the revolution
A lot of the Patriot ships are being built in ___________. Why is this a problem ?
A lot of the ships are being built in France but hard to get here since the British controlled most of the ports
What group greatly aided to the revolution ?
African Americans
How many of the states ratified the Articles of Confederation ? What did this do?
All 13 states Created a loose alliance of 13 independent states (states still determined to have their autonomy)
Why didn't the Patriots have enough weapons for the war?
All the forts were technically Britains so all the weapons belong to Britain
Mid December 1777: France formally recognized American independence and formally declare they are siding with the _____________
Americans
In 1775 Congress voted to create a Continental navy. What was the American strategy in naval battles ?
Americans became skilled at making hit-and-run attacks Our ships were very tiny compared to the british ships (this was a positive) They were much quicker and much easier to maneuver Our navy may not be strong but we are fast and crafty with how we use the ships
When was the revolutionary war officially over ?
April 15, 1783: Congress approved the treaty - the war was officially over Marked official end of Revolution Two years after the British officially surrendered at Yorktown
November 1777: Congress created the __________________________________ - a plan for the nation as a whole The pre constitution The first document that's providing a comprehensive overview of the function of this new country
Articles of Confederation
In January of 1781 Greene led 1,200 soldiers into SC and left General Daniel Morgan with 800 soldiers in the west. This battle became known as ________________ which helps us reclaim some control over the Carolina region
Battle of Cowpens
The battle that takes place during 1781 essentially concluding the revolutionary war
Battle of Yorktown
Why are the Patriots forced to leave NYC after the battle of Long Island ? What do the BRitish do to the city once they leave?
Because the British have so outnumber the Americans the BRitish are going to be successful in killing/wounding/capturing/forcing to leave about 2,000 American soldiers Forced to move further and further away from the city By September he abandons NYC British completely sets the city on fire Don't want Patriots to have access to this city later on
Who was sent to Paris by congress to persuade Louis XVI to aid the Americans in the war? What does this essentially mean he was asking?
Ben Franklin Franklin essentially goes to France to ask them to declare war on Britain Extra (Franklin negotiated for a Franco-American alliance, French recognition of American independence, and loans to finance the war)
What was the major piece of help that the Spanish provided the Americans with?
Bernardo de Galvez (Governor of Louisiana) allowed American ships to stay in New Orleans harbor New Orleans is a major port and at the very southern tip of Mississippi River One of the only forts that we can store some of our ships, import and export goods, receive things from our allies This is one of the only forts that the British aren't occupying since it is Spanish owned while all he other ports it would be very difficult to receive these things since the BRitish would be blockading it
State declarations were precedents to the ________________________________
Bill of Rights
What was the biggest outcome of the treaty of Paris ?
Britain recognized the independence of the US Has to sign off saying they understand we were no longer their colony
On October 19, 1781 the _________________ surrendered after a 3 week battle at Yorktown
British
Why were the Americans able to get everything they wanted within the Treaty of Paris?
British just want to get all of this over with
What side of the war did African Americans first join and why ?
British promised freedom to slaves who fought for them We see that there is a big rush of African Americans go to help the British Big risk because you would be deserting your slave owners
When France recognized the US as independent what was the name they gave to us?
Called them the United States of North America
"__________________" took care of the domestic and medical needs of the armies
Camp followers
September 1779: American ship Bonhomme Richard battled the larger British ship Serapis. What was the result ?
Captain of the Serapis surrendered after both ships were beaten Hug victory for the American even though there is nothing really gained from this There is a lot of damage on both sides Lose about 150 sailors each We have just defeated the strongest navy in the world Moral boost
He was the French minister who meets with Ben Franklin many times to help persuade him and the French king to give official support to the Americans
Charles Gravier - Comte de Vergennes
What battle strengthened American claim to the Ohio River valley? Why ?
Clarks Campaign This region was so important for us to have because the river networks there were great for trade and it's a very fertile area We now have really good farmland to grow crops to sustain our troops
The paper currency printed by continental congress
Continental
What does the continental army do at the battle of Yorktown to be successful ?
Continental Army succeeds 16,000 American and French troops laid siege (surround them completely) to Cornwallis's army of less than 8,000 Because of the reinforcements coming from Virginia we are able to double the number of soldiers compared to the BRitish They were able to cut them off entirely They couldn't get reinforcements or supplies Cornwallis's army was trapped on land while the French navy prevented them from leaving by sea
Did the British taking over Philadelphia affect the Continental Congress meeting? Why or why not?
Continental Congress continued to meet = unified US was hardly interrupted Continue their functions King George doesn't get what he wants necessarily because the government functions do not stop
Eventually King George does get what he wants and the British end up occupying Philadelphia which forces the Continental Congress to do what?
Continental Congress fled the city and counterattacks failed Settle in a small country town a few miles outside of Philadelphia Washington does try to counterattack in Philadelphia but there were many causal ties so he retreated to valley forge
Who approved the creation of the continental army?
Continental congress
What were some of limits congress faced under the Articles of Confederation ?
Couldn't regulate trade or collect taxes from the states Congress could not regulate trade between states or international trade No court systems to settle disputes?
Explain the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (3 step process)
Created a 3-step process for admitting new states Essentially saying that once they sold these townships how do you get legitimacy in the country and keep people there 1. A Governor is chosen, a secretary, and a system of judges 2. Once the adult male population reached 5,000 you could elect a legislature 3. Once the population of the territory reached 60,000 you could apply for statehood Slavery was prohibited Takes a while for these regions to reach 60,000
What were some of the powers given to Congress ?
Deal with foreign affairs and with Native Americans outside 13 states and sign treaties Only congress could declare war on foreign nations Congress was the only ones that were supposed to print money for the whole nation Congress had the power to make laws for the country as a whole but they did not have the power to enforce those laws
Served in Continental army for 1.5 years before she was discovered She disguised herself as a male From Massachusetts She was shot twice and she was so terrified she would be discovered as a female she took one of the bullets out herself The other bullet never came out and people say she would walk with a limp because of it Everytime she enlisted she would serve under a different male name
Deborah Sampson
What were the two disadvantages of the Loyalists?
English army was 3,000 miles away Militia attacks in colonies
What was Cornwallis' mistake at the battle of Yorktown
Essentially his mistake is that when he is trying to retreat from the Americans he is putting his troops on a peninsula He is thinking the British navy would come and pick them up What he did not realize though is that the French navy had blockaded the waterways and the BRitish navy couldn't even get to the troops
Explain the People the Best Governors style of government
Essentially this was an article that said government should be run by the people and the people are the best governors for themselves The only power should come from an elected assembly There shouldn't be elites ruling or a property requirement
How is Washington successful in his attack on Trenton, NJ?
Essentially what happens from this point is General Cornwallis (British General) tries to go after Washington and his troops Follows his troops but again Washington tricks him He has his encampment of soldiers in the middle of the woods and slips out before Cornwallis can see and then leaves their fires going to make them believe they are still at camp ("rule" that you don't attack at night) This allows Washington's troop to get a head start to get away from the British by crossing back over the Delaware
Why was it a limit to congress that they couldn't regulate trade between state or international trade?
Every state has their own currency right now Some states currency could seem inferior to other states Cause states to be very autonomous with their goods At this points there are states that produce more manufacturing than other or more agriculture You will really be lacking certain products
State governments divided power between an _____________________ (most likely a governor) and a _________________________.
Executive Legislature
Why was women helping in the war significant for women's rights?
Female contributions during Revolution caused them to think about liberty and equality = began speaking out Women become more active in the idea of female independence and rights
What state was returned to Spain after the revolution in the treaty of Paris ?
Florida
Why was have privateers a good thing for the Patriots ?
Forced Britain to spend resources protecting merchant ships Not only have to worry about American naval ships attacking them they now have to spend money protecting their commercial ships If they can't get their goods here then their soldiers will not have any supplies
Who became the First Nation to sign a treaty with the US ? What did this treaty consist of?
France France recognized the US as a new nation and agreed to send military aid And agreed to send some military reinforcements in addition to what they were already give them The US is also promising they would support the French if a war broke out between the French and BRitish
Why was it a problem after the war that congress could not tax?
France and Spain loaned us about $9 million which we have to pay them back No where to make money
A German foreigner who helps us out greatly at Valley forge He comes from a royal military family He's been involved in the military for a very long time Becomes acquainted with Ben Franklin and he puts him in touch with Washington Decides to come to America to help train soldiers in December Teaches them everything they need to know about weaponry, hand to hand combat Turns them into well disciplined soldiers for Washington
Friedrich Von Steuben
Main British General who was supposedly in charge of the plans at the battle of Saratoga but has to surrender his entire army to the Americans
General Burgoyne
June 1776: _______________________ (wealthy planter and political figure from Virginia and also in legislature) wrote VA Declaration of Rights (essentially Virginia's Bill of Rights)
George Mason
The main general of the continental army who was very serious and passionate about the Patriot cause
George Washington
Explain the Whig style of government
Going to be a little more communal Say that colonial government should be made up of elites The balance of power is between a governor an elected assembly and 1 house of legislature
What were the two advantages of being a Patriot?
Good Leadership - Washington and the Continental Army Home Field Advantage
What were the governors jobs under the state constitutions ?
Governor served as the state's executive Addressed citizens as a whole Carrying out the laws Listened to legislature Governors appointed important state officials, but the legislature had to approve of the appointments Early checks and balances Need the approval of the citizens
What was the downside to having Hessian soilders?
Have more soldiers and experienced soldiers but have to pay them Not as committed or as passionate Just a job Not life or death They will eventually just leave because they don't see a point in fighting
Why in 1783 did Washington resign as general of the army even after the Continental Congress asked him to stay ? What precedent does he send ?
He says no because he wants to willingly step down He is saying if he just kept ruling over the military where do the politicians and congress fit in He is creating the precedent that the military is supposed to report to civil authority That they don't take over and don't have more power that the government Need to make it known that the military listens to the government
Why did Washington ask Congress to allow free African Americans join the army ?
He sees them as our potential replacements He says he understand why the southern states wouldn't want them to fight but he says they need to allow free African Americans
Paid soldiers on the British side came from Hesse Germany It was said 1/3 of the troops on the BRitish side during the battle of Long Island fell under this category
Hessians
Why did a lot of the loyalists tend to be wealthier and tied to British government
If the British were to lose this would effect them greatly
What does it mean when its stated in the treaty of Paris that "US agreed to "earnestly recommend" that rights and property that was taken from Loyalists be restored"
If the Patriots destroyed any Loyalists property that land would be given back to that land owner Doesn't really work and a vast majority completely ignore this rule
Explain the power given to congress in which they could Deal with foreign affairs and with Native Americans outside 13 states and sign treaties
If there were foreign treaties that needed to be signed congress could do this Congress were able to deal with Native Americans as long as they were not in the boundaries of any of the 13 states
Why would you try and hide that you were a loyalist ?
If they refused to swear allegiance they lost their civil rights, their property, and they were targeted
Many of the loyalists were recently arrived _________________ .
Immigrants (chose more often than not to ally with the British)
What were some of the included rights in George Mason's VA declaration of Rights ?
Included rights such as trial by jury, freedom of religion, prevention of "cruel and unusual punishments" (fine has to match the price of the crime)
What were some post revolution changes for women ?
Increased sympathy for women in the court system (mostly property rights and ability to divorce) More equality in marriages Partnership
What were some of the added responsibilities to the normal workload for women?
Jobs that men used to have Still had all of their normal workload plus all of the workload men would have Before the war women were given household and family care During the war it wa the women's role to uphold the family business and tend the farms Play a huge role in family finance and welfare Take on the role of the distribution of supplies to soldiers
Who were the people involved in negotiating the peace for the United States ?
John Adams Ben Franklin John Jay of New York
Why did the BRitish plan at Saratoga fail so quickly?
King George interrupts the British military plans Military has one idea while king George has another George technically has final say in plans (Have to listen to George) Georges plan is to send two of the troops one way to meet up with the third but they don't meet on time The only one that is on time and in position is Burgoyne
Why didn't King George want to listen to Burgoyne's plan at the battle of Saratoga?
King George was focused on concurring Philadelphia since the seat of government was here and this wouldn't allow congress to meet and would deteriorate the battle plans from the inside
In the battle of Yorktown Lord Cornwallis sent Loyalist troops to attack Charlottesville while Lafayette led American troops in raids against the British. Who had less men ?
Lafayette (less men and less experienced)
What were the two acts that were created as a federal plan for incorporating these new western lands (boundaries, laws, etc.)
Land Ordinance of 1785 Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Becomes the first female to receive a soilders lifetime pension after the war (joins the army after her husband dies and she even becomes injured) This is extremely rare where even some male soldiers weren't given after the war She was paid a soldier's salary the rest of her life
Margaret Corbin
Filled in for their husbands when they become injured on the battlefield
Margaret Corbin and Mary Ludwig
French and someone who helps the Americans throughout the whole duration of the revolution Comes from a very wealthy french family Became a military officer when he was just 13 years old He hears of the American revolution and thinks its very noble that the Americans are fighting for freedom Travels to the colonies to help wherever he can One of the most significant things he does is his assistance in a battle in Rhode Island Returns to France to try and get more aid and ask the french to declare their full support for the Americans Becomes very high ranking in the American Army He returns to France after the war and helps organize the French Revolution which was very influenced by the American revolution
Marquis de Lafayette
Known as "Molly Pitch" because she would bring water to the soldiers on the battlefield Takes the place of her husband and starts firing the cannon in which her husband would have
Mary Ludwig
Why was the determination on the Patriot side greater than that on the Loyalists side to win the war?
May be small army but have a great determination Determination to defend homes The patriot army and militias are thinking that if they loose they will lose their homes and their lives
Officer ________________________ risked his life to collect information on British battle plans for Long Island. How did he do this? What was the famous line he said right before he was executed
Nathan Hale He will go under disguise and he is actually quite successful and is able to go behind british battle grounds for a few weeks Pretends to be a foreign school teacher After a few weeks the BRitish become suspicious and search him They will find some of their battle ground plans in his boot and will eventually hang him They don't give him a trial and hang him the very next day "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country"
Washington chooses ____________________ to command the entire unit who is fighting on Long Island (from RI)
Nathanial Green
In December of 1780 __________________ became commander of the Continental army in the South Really big honor Washington was in charge of the North while he was in charge of the south
Nathanial Greene
Americans hoped the Native Americans would stay _______________
Neutral
1774 and 1775 political mobilization caused a greater portion of the population to participate in elections meaning ...
New state legislatures included more men than colonial legislatures had Broadening who can participate
At the end of the war had Congress paid the soldiers or officers what they had promised ? When a group of officers petitioned this Congress for their money what did Congress do? How to these people react to this ?
No Congress rejected the petition Multiple officer meetings threatened a possibility of a coup An overthrow of Congress Military would be taking over the government
In the south loyalists plundered and burned Patriot farms, killing men, women, and children but most importantly they would try and take over many of the ____________cities
Port
If you were considered a __________________ you were a colonists who favored independence from Britain
Patriot
Every state had a governor to execute the laws except _____________________.
Pennsylvania
800 _____________ harassed British ships and were essentially government official naval pirates These were ships that had their governments permission to attack commercial ships and keep anything they got from those ships
Privateers
What were some of Thomas Jefferson's reforms after the revolution
Proposed - and passed - a bill changing inheritance laws Before all inheritance would be given to the first born male Now he was saying that wasn't fair and it could be divided up Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom
Many Americans wanted the ________________________ governments to be more powerful than the ___________________ government Virginia is the one leading the way for this idea
STATE FEDERAL
How is Deborah Sampson discovered ? What happens after ?
She is discovered when she gets really sick and a doctor discovered she is a female The doctor takes her to his wife but eventually tells her commander that she is female When she is discovered she receives an honorable discharge She could have been critiqued for living in male barracks for 1.5 years and posing as something she was not but instead they are recognizing her for her achievements
How did the victories in New Jersey effect Washingtons war strategies ?
Shows Washington that he needs to adopt or purse a very defensive strategy (defending the colonies but its really like he is playing offense) If they want to win we have to keep surprising them
What was this British strategy in trying to take over New York City in 1775-1776?
Sir William Howe planned to take British army to NYC where the British navy would meet them (there is a major port here) (Starting around July) A separate British army would march from Canada to meet Howe's army in an attempt to cut off New England
When the Americans are not doing so well with their campaigns of Long Island etc. they will retreat further _________________ to try and regain some control of this region
South
For the first two and a half years of the war the British are mainly focused in the north east but now in 1778 they start to move their focus on the ___________
South
After the treaty with the French was signed what other major ally openly supported the American cause since they were also allies with the French?
Spanish
How does the foreign help of Steuben and females prove to be an instrumental piece in the preparation and fortitude of the soilders ?
Steubenville is giving them the confidence as fighters The females organize food collections, collections of military uniforms, collect boots and coats
Why was the english army being so far away a disadvantage?
Takes a very long time to receive information, supplies, soldiers The patriots may not have as much starting out but it's easier for them to get what they need Once the colonists create their own navy and use other countries navy it makes it very difficult for them to bring supplies over
Why was the militia attacks in colonies a disadvantage to the loyalists ?
The British had a very simple way of fighting while colonists did sneak attack/hit and runs Have to adjust especially since they don't know the territory well
Explain the Tory style of government
The purpose of government was to serve the King
Why was having no court systems a limit to congress ?
There was no way for the central government to settle the dispute between states Issues just grow and grow and grow
What were some of the difficult choices African Americans dealt with when joining the war ? Why did they want to fight ?
There was this concern of capture This concern that the British could capture and sell them elsewhere if they agreed to serve the Continental army but then there was the fear that if they served the British army they would be killed by the Patriots Belief in freedom (mostly for escaped slaves serving in the British army) Ultimately what causes these African Americans to play a role This possibility of freedom
The Spanish controlled Louisiana and the land west of the Mississippi but by aligning with the Americans they are hoping...
They are hopping by supporting the Americans they will regain some of their land if the Americans win Want to regain florida and extend control of Mississippi valley
Why do the British, specifically General William Howe, want to cut off the New England colonies first?
They believe that if they can cut out New England the rest of the colonies will fall
Why was it a limit to congress that they couldn't regulate trade or collect taxes from the states?
They did this because one of the most frustrating things the Americans felt when they were under the BRitish were taxes However now there is no money coming in Need to pay back the other countries that helped them in the war Can't enforce these states to give them money Also the states don't have any money individually
How was having home field advantage a advantage for the Patriots?
They know the area They have support readily available to them If the Patriots ever need anything they have people very close by that can get them supplies British dont have this They know the people
Why were the British taken by such surprise when the Patriots crossed the Delaware river .
They went against normal war "rules" There was rarely any fighting on any religious holidays so this was able to add to the surprise attack (British weren't expecting it) also the fact that they attacked at night - another war rule
In 1784 the Continental Army only contained a few hundred soldiers. Why was this a problem ?
This is a problem because Britain will eventually attack again and they will have to regain their military once again
Why was it a problem that congress printed their own money to pay and supply troops?
This is a problem because the more money that is in circulation the less valuable it is Congress put about $200 million dollars into the economy during this war just by printing this money Money becomes worthless States won't end up using it
Why did the Bank of North America fix the colonies financial problem ?
This was important because in the vault of this bank you had gold and silver bars that would equal the amount of money in circulation so your money was backed by something and had value We were not printing more than we had in gold and silver coins People start having more faith in the value of their money That the $20 bill is backed by something Confidence in the bank led to private contracts to fund the war
Why did the Americans want the French to so badly declare war on BRitain?
This way the BRitish would have to split their supplies and have the BRitish fight on two fronts
One of the first post-Revolution debates focused on the appropriate governmental structure of the new states. What were the three political practices that came from this issue ?
Tory Whig the People the Best Govenrors
Why was having no navy a disadvantage to the Patriots?
Trying to fight the country with the best navy
After the war what are the two major countries that the Americans have trouble with when Americans start moving westward ? What major thing did one of these countries do because they felt threatened ?
US faced trouble with Britain and Spain Spain feels threatened by the influx of Americans moving west so what they do is they close New Orleans to us Had used it during the war but now see it as helping the Americans as moving faster in the West and towards their territory Right now there is tension and it will keep magnifying
The Spanish provided Americans with _____________ support but do declare war on Britain because they are allies with the French
Unofficial (no treaty was signed like with the French)
What were the three disadvantages that the Patriots faced during the war?
Untrained (and too few) soldiers Few weapons No navy
After failed counterattacks near Philly, Washington and 11,000 Continental soldiers spent the 1777-1778 winter at _____________________
Valley Forge, PA
Who elected members of legislature in the states ?
Voters / citizens of states
What did Washington urge Congress to do about the soldiers pay? Did Congress listen ?
Washington urged Congress to convert their pensions to bonuses They won't give them a lifetime pension but will give them a large sum of money as a bonus May 1783: Congress agreed to 3 months' pay as a bonus to soldiers and began discharging them They were scaling back their military because they don't need as many soldiers since they are no longer at was
Why were boundaries set in the treaty of Paris ? What were they ?
We had to settle which was French, Spanish, and American control Atlantic Boundary as the Eastern boundary Canada as Northern boundary Mississippi as Western boundary Florida as southern boundary
Due to the revolutionary war some tribes split loyalty or moved farther ___________________ causing a huge migration trying to get as far away from the conflict as possible
West
1775-1779: Smallpox epidemic spread throughout colonies and Native American territories killing many natives but what does it actually kill more of ? What is the statistic on this ?
White Americans than people who die in battle Roughly 130,000 white Americans died from smallpox compared to only 8,000 dying of specific battle wounds
What would the "Camp followers" do?
Women who were following the armies to the battle sites Set up camp Tries to make the battle sites as much as home as possible Cooking Cleaning Laundry Repairing uniforms Where we see many women entering the medical field Most of them were the wives of the soldiers
What was the major significance about the Battle of Saratoga ?
considered turning point of the war but more importantly this is what really puts America on the map and foreign countries start to take notice This is what gets France and Spain to realize the Americans have a chance at winning this war Before this battle no one thought the Americans would have even stood a chance against the BRitish
More people were allowed to vote than in colonial times White male citizens, over 21, own a certain amount of property or pay a certain amount of taxes but it depended on ...
depended on the state and town you were living in
French secretly gave money and weapons to the Americans, but did not want to openly help the Americans unless it was clear the Americans could win, why?
don't want to make it well known because if the Americans loose and the BRitish find out then that would be bad for the French since they are so close to Britain
What was an advantage of the Loyalists?
highly trained/disciplined soldiers, best/largest navy Britain had great pride in the military capabilities
What was a major problem for Native Americans after the war?
they supported the British throughout the war Don't know what their stance will be in this new nation US claimed its victory over Great Britain should be considered as a victory over the Native Americans as well (going to just push the native further and further)
Describe the 1/3 thought process
⅓ of the colonists wanted independence from Britain ⅓ of the colonists did not want independence from Britain ⅓ of the colonists were undecided/neutral about Britain