Chapter 7 and 8 review questions

The single most important indicator of fluid status in the body is Collapsing of hand veins Daily weight Intake and output records Pulse pressure changes

Daily weight

Heat exhaustion is caused by: Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Loss of water and salt in sweat Inability to perspire Retention of excessive water

Loss of water and salt in sweat

Which of the following areas of regulation is stricter for bottled water than for tap water? Allowable lead level Frequency of testing for bacteria and chemicals Number of customers affected Requirements to report to authorities

Allowable lead level

Which of the following people has the greatest percentage of body weight as water? A 154-pound man A 120-pound woman An 18-pound boy, 14 months old An 8-pound girl, 4 days old

An 8-pound girl, 4 days old

Calcium is necessary for strong bones and teeth. It is also necessary for: 1.Assisting with the production of insulin 2.Maintaining stomach acidity 3.Preventing blood clots 4.Enabling muscle contraction

Enabling muscle contraction

2. What other assessment data would be helpful to broaden the scope of preventing osteoporosis?

Other factors the nurse would want to assess for in the prevention of osteoporosis would include: Personal history of bone fracture Family history of fragility fracture in first-degree relative Personal history of smoking or alcohol use Use of corticosteroids A diet high in oxalates, phytic acid, sodium, and zinc Is the client taking a calcium supplement with vitamin D

Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for a mineral deficiency? 1.Someone who consumes no dairy products 2.Someone who consumes no shellfish 3.Someone who consumes no red meat 4.Someone who drinks tea or coffee with every meal

Someone who consumes no dairy products

1. What additional dietary information would you need before recommending good sources of calcium for Mrs. B?

Sources of calcium include both animal and plant-based sources. Animal sources include milk and dairy products and plant sources include collard greens, broccoli, kale, legumes, and soybeans.

Baby I, a 4-month-old boy, is being seen at a neighborhood clinic because he has developed diarrheal stools within the past 2 days. At birth, he weighed 7 pounds, 8 ounces. Since then he has gained steadily. Three days ago, he weighed 12 pounds, 8 ounces. Baby I's present weight is 12 pounds, 2 ounces. Mrs. I has been feeding the baby his usual formula. He drinks eagerly but then has an explosive Mazur/Litch Lutz's Nutrition and Diet Therapy, 7e 8-5 bowel movement with loud crying. Baby I has had six bowel movements per day instead of his usual two. 1. With this history, what physical assessment measures would the nurse include initially? a. Condition of hair, strength of grasp, presence of sucking reflex b. Heart sounds, lung sounds, blood pressure c. Skin turgor, fontanel fullness, moisture of mucous membranes d. Urine specific gravity, observation of diaper rash

c. Skin turgor, fontanel fullness, moisture of mucous membranes

The nurse instructs Mrs. I to return for additional care for Baby I if one of the following events occurs. Which one would indicate the need to reassess Baby I? a. The baby sleeps soundly and has to be awakened for a night feeding. b. The baby has three loose bowel movements the day after beginning treatment. c. The baby continues to lose weight or passes blood in the stool. d. The baby gains more than two ounces per day.

c. The baby continues to lose weight or passes blood in the stool.

Based on her current habits, which of the following changes to her lifestyle would be likely to increase Mrs. H's iron absorption from food? a. Changing her meal times to allow 5 hours to elapse between them. b. Avoiding citrus fruits and juices with meals. c. Trying alternate forms of liver such as in sausage. d. Delaying coffee and tea drinking to 2 hours after a meal.

d. Delaying coffee and tea drinking to 2 hours after a meal.

2. Which of the following recommendations by the nurse would show understanding of supportive care of this client? a. Give Baby I whole milk to maintain nutrition. b. Continue, as Mrs. I has been doing, to allow the bowel to empty itself. c. Substitute orange juice for the formula for 3 days. d. Start Baby I on an oral electrolyte solution.

d. Start Baby I on an oral electrolyte solution.

Cretinism and goiter are caused by deficiency of ______________. 1. copper 2. selenium 3. iodine 4. zinc

iodine

Which of the following amounts is correct for average gains from oral fluids in adults for 24 hours? 500 to 600 mL 800 to 1000 mL 1100 to 1400 mL 2200 to 2700 mL

1100 to 1400 mL

Like vitamins, minerals give no energy to the body. Unlike vitamins, which of the following is true regarding minerals?: 1.Are completely absorbed from the intestinal tract 2.Become part of the structure of the body 3. Cause few clinical problems because of their widespread abundance in foods 4.Cannot accumulate to the extent that they cause problems

2.Become part of the structure of the body

Which of the following foods are the best sources of iron? Select all that apply. 1.Eggs 2.Baked beans 3.Beef 4.Spinach 5.Low fat milk

1.Eggs 2.Baked beans 3.Beef 4.Spinach

Mrs. H is a 30-year-old mother of three children, all younger than 5 years of age. On her 6-week postpartum visit, her hemoglobin level was 10 grams per 100 milliliters of blood. She is given a prescription for ferrous sulfate and referred to the office nurse for nutrition counseling regarding her iron intake. Mrs. H tells the nurse that she eats what the children eat: cold cereal and milk for breakfast, peanut butter and jelly sandwiches and maybe a banana for lunch and casseroles of tuna or hamburger for dinner. Mrs. H is a heavy coffee drinker, consuming 10 cups per day, two with each meal and a total of four others during "coffee breaks." The H family is lower-middle class. Mr. H is a long-distance truck driver and is away from home for long intervals. Mrs. H has some knowledge of iron needs and sources because of her three pregnancies. She is reluctant to continue the ferrous sulfate she has been taking throughout her pregnancy. "It binds me up," she tells the nurse. Also, Mrs. H maintains she cannot eat liver: "It gags me." 1. Which of the following statements by Mrs. H would indicate she understood the nurse's instructions correctly? a. "I should eat a little meat, fish, or poultry with every meal containing grain, fruit and vegetable sources of iron." b. "I should increase the fiber in my diet because it will increase the absorption of iron." c. "If I want an alcoholic beverage, beer contains the most iron in a readily absorbable form." d. "Since I am taking an iron supplement, it is not important how I eat."

a. "I should eat a little meat, fish, or poultry with every meal containing grain, fruit and vegetable sources of iron."

To meet the safety needs of the H children, the nurse instructs Mrs. H to keep her ferrous sulfate in a locked cupboard. The reason for this is: a. Interactions of iron tablets with vitamin supplements intended for children can cause deficiencies of water-soluble vitamins. b. The human body has no effective means of excreting an overload of iron. c. Iron poisoning, although rare, can occur if a child ingests more than 30 tablets of ferrous sulfate. d. Because iron binds with calcium, an overdose of iron would cause rickets.

b. The human body has no effective means of excreting an overload of iron.