Chapter 7 - Childhood: Settings for Development: Home and School

behavioral-genetics researcher

"Children's temperament shapes parenting styles." This statement would be made by a(n) _____.

Judith Harris

"I'm worried that if my child gets in with the wrong peer group, he will go down a bad path." _____ is the theorist whose ideas resonate with this classic parental fear.

the 6-year-old

A 6-year-old and a 9-year-old both take the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and get exactly the same number of items correct. Who has the highest intelligence quotient (IQ)?

will still probably be about 130.

A fifth grader has an intelligence quotient (IQ) of 130. If the test is reliable and valid, at age 50, that person's IQ:

Dyslexia

A learning disorder that is characterized by reading difficulties, lack of fluency, and poor word recognition that is often genetic in origin.

"People can use the intelligence quotient (IQ) score to predict intellectual talents at life tasks."

A psychologist who disagrees with the "g" concept of intelligence would make all of these statements about what she believes EXCEPT:

Few U.S. parents ever spank their children today.

A student is writing a paper on trends in corporal punishment. She should make all of these points EXCEPT:

reliable

A test that measures the qualities it is supposed to measure is _____.

Petula insists on bedtime at 10; but she relaxes the rules for special occasions, and offers lots of love.

According to Baumrind's parenting-styles framework, which is the authoritative parent?

"Avoid it; traditional teaching is more effective."

According to recent data, which is the BEST advice for Mr. Academic, who decides to teach by using Sternberg's theory of multiple intelligences?

the Raga's, who live in India

According to the research, which family is MOST likely to adopt a permissive parenting style?

discriminatory

According to the text, the phrase that BEST fits the Common Core Standards is:

People can be resilient in the face of totally overwhelming life stress.

All are "take-home messages" from the resilience research EXCEPT:

Acculturation

Among immigrants, the tendency to become similar in attitudes and practices to the mainstream culture after time spend living in a new society.

Child maltreatment

Any act that seriously endangers a child's physical or emotional well-being.

Nothing will be done.

Based on the research, what MOST likely will happen if someone files a police report alleging child abuse?

"Consider staying together, but only if you can keep from fighting a lot."

Based on the text, what is the BEST advice to give a father who is considering leaving his spouse?

"g"

Charles Spearman's term for a general intelligence factor that he claimed underlies all cognitive activities.

Child 1 has higher intellectual potential.

Child #1 comes from a disadvantaged background and attends a "failing" public school. Child # 2 comes from an upper-middle-class family and attends an excellent private school. On the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), both children get identical scores. Based on the text discussion, what should the psychologist giving the test conclude?

unusually sensitive

Children who are temperamentally "at risk" are MOST likely to thrive with _____ parents.

Resilient children

Children who rebound from serious early life traumas to construct successful adult lives.

having a specific learning disability.

Dorek is failing in school, and scores well below grade-level on achievement tests. When he takes the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), his intelligence quotient (IQ) score is 110. Dorek is classified as:

used more often by certain U.S. groups.

Dr. McKinna is lecturing about U.S. spanking practices. He should state that corporal punishment is:

Parenting style

In Diana Baumrind's framework, how parents align on two dimensions of child-rearing: nurturance (child-centeredness) and discipline (structure and rules).

Multiple Intelligences Theory

In Howard Gardner's perspective on intelligence, the principle that there are eight separate kinds of intelligence - verbal, mathematical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, spatial, musical, kinesthetic, naturalist - plus a possible ninth form, called spiritual intelligence.

Practical intelligence

In Robert Sternberg's framework on successful intelligence, the facet of intelligence involved in knowing how to act competently in real-world situations.

creative intelligence

In Robert Sternberg's framework on successful intelligence, the facet of intelligence involved in producing novel ideas or innovative work.

Analytic intelligence

In Robert Sternberg's framework on successful intelligence, the facet of intelligence involving performing well on academic-type problems.

Successful Intelligence

In Robert Sternberg's framework, the optimal form of cognition, involving having a good balance of analytic, creative, and practical intelligence.

performance on cognitive tests.

In U.S. mainstream culture, the label "smart" or "gifted" typically refers to a child's:

"All students take achievement tests, but children who take the WISC meet individually with a psychologist when there is a question about their academic work."

In contrasting the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) with end-of-year achievement tests, what should a psychologist say?

Is this child growing up in a two-parent family?

In determining a person's parenting style, all of these questions are relevant EXCEPT:

parents have consistent rules.

In general, children do BEST when:

validity

In measurement terminology, a basic criterion for a test's accuracy involving whether that measure reflects the real-world quality it is supposed to measure.

Reliability

In measurement terminology, a basic criterion of a test's accuracy that scores must be fairly similar when a person takes the test more than once.

sometimes.

In surveys, most U.S. parents report spanking their children:

Authoritative parents

In the parenting styles framework, the best possible child-rearing style, in which parents rank high on both nurturance and discipline, providing both love and clear family rules.

Permissive parents

In the parenting-styles framework, a type of child-rearing in which parents provide few rules but rank high on child-centeredness, being extremely loving but providing little discipline.

Authoritarian parents

In the parenting-styles framework, a type of child-rearing in which parents provide plenty of rules but rank low on child-centeredness, stressing unquestioning obedience.

rejecting-neglecting parents

In the parenting-styles framework, the worst child-rearing approach, in which parents provide little discipline and little nurturing or love.

many developed nations

It is illegal today to use corporal punishment in:

at an academic disadvantage, and tend to go to the worst schools.

Longitudinal U.S. research shows that low-income children start school:

a behavioral geneticist's

Magda admits, "I'm less loving with my son than with my daughter. I realize that a lot of what is called good parenting depends on the child." Magda would agree with _____ perspective on parenting.

Carlos, whose mother is living below the poverty line

Ms. Ramrod believes that the intelligence quotient (IQ) test is a good measure of her fourth graders genetically determined intellectual capacities. The school principal should advise caution, especially for:

achievement tests

measures that evaluate a child's knowledge in specific school-related areas

50 percent of children the same age as Riley scored lower than he did.

Riley's intelligence quotient (IQ) score on the WISC is 100. What does this mean?

It accurately measures the real-world abilities it is supposed to test

The Belsky Intelligence Test for Students (BITS) is valid. What does this mean?

assess student knowledge through regular multiple-choice tests.

The Common Core State Standards do all of the following EXCEPT:

upper-middle-class children

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is a good indicator of innate "genetic" ability for:

achievement

The annual tests children take to measure knowledge of school subjects are called _____ tests.

Intrinsic motivation

The drive to act based on the pleasure of taking that action in itself, not for an external reinforcer or reward.

extrinsic motivation

The drive to take an action because that activity offers external reinforces such as praise, money, or a good grade.

Specific learning disorder

The label for any impairment in language or any deficit related to listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or understanding mathematics.

Intellectual disability

The label for significantly impaired cognitive functioning, measured by deficits in behavior accompanied by having an IQ of 70 or below.

Gifted

The label for superior intellectual functioning characterized by an IQ score of 130 or above, showing that a child ranks in the top 2 percent of his age group.

time out

The most "popular" discipline technique in the United States is _____.

Parental alienation

The practice among divorced parents of badmouthing a former spouse, with the goal of turning a child against that person.

WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children)

The standard intelligence test used in childhood, consisting of different scales composing a variety of subtests.

Corporal punishment

The use of physical force to discipline a child.

"It's a terrific challenge to figure out what I know!"

With regard to taking this test, which is an example of intrinsic motivation?

Common Core State Standards

Transformative U.S. public school changes, spelling out universal learning benchmarks and emphasizing teaching through scaffolding, problem solving, and communication skills.

behind at the "school starting gate," falling further behind over time

What phrase BEST describes the academic fate of economically disadvantaged children?

Lenore, who started a very successful paper route and writes beautiful poetry.

Which eighth-grade girl ranks high on BOTH Sternberg's practical and creative intelligences?

Difficult children need firm rules and strict parenting.

Which is NOT a bottom-line message from the text's parenting-styles section?

Authoritarian parents are happy with their childrearing.

Which is NOT a bottom-line message of the text's parenting-styles discussion?

Corporal punishment can't ever stop dangerous behavior.

Which is NOT a legitimate argument against spanking?

The child gets high scores on intelligence tests.

Which is NOT a vital situation that requires "superior parenting"?

The Common Core has been proven to be effective at enhancing student learning.

Which is NOT an argument Halim can make in support of the Common Core State Standards?

IQ scores normally change a good deal from year to year in a person's life.

Which is NOT an illustration in support of the argument that the intelligence quotient (IQ) score partly reflects the quality of a child's environment?

Clarissa, who felt that during her childhood, spanking got excessive and out of hand.

Which parent is LEAST likely to spank her child?

It measures knowledge of different school subjects.

Which statement about the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is NOT accurate?

Pippa, who lives in a rural area of the United States

Who is LEAST likely to adopt an authoritarian parenting style?

Flynn effect

Remarkable and steady rise in overall performance on IQ tests that has been occurring around the world over the past century.

not knowing that it's their professional obligation to speak up.

Research suggests teachers are reluctant to report their suspicions to authorities when they think a student is being abused. All are reasons why EXCEPT: