Chapter 7. Communicating in Social and Professional Relationships

friends

What type of people typically provide a valuable service to us, meeting our needs for love and support?

visually

We look for someone who is physically attractive because humans are ______ oriented.

Coworkers live nearby.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why people engage in friendships with coworkers?

interfere with

Many businesses recognize that the feeling of loyalty and favor we have for friends can ______ the professional relationship.

voluntary

A defining characteristic of friendship is that it is

release.

A key benefit of self-disclosure is emotional

a high

A lack of strong, positive relationships presents ________ risk of premature death.

parasocial

A one-sided friendship with someone who isn't aware of your existence is called a(n) _____ relationship.

platonic

A relationship that is nonromantic and nonsexual is a _____ relationship.

voluntary.

A typical friendship is

social exchange

A very chatty coworker has invited you out for drinks. You'd like to have more friends in the office, but you fear that becoming friends with this coworker might entail long conversations that could negatively affect your attitude at work. By weighing the pros and cons you are applying ______ theory to decide on the future of the relationship.

belong.

According to Baumeister's theory, one reason we form relationships with others is the need to

uncertainty.

According to Berger and Calabrese's theory, we sometimes form relationships with people we don't know well in an effort to reduce

They provide opportunities to see things from different perspectives. They allow for men to be emotionally expressive. They provide opportunities for women to engage in activities that they do not in their same-sex friendships.

According to research, which of the following are typically true about opposite-sex friendships?

We are more likely to form relationships with those we are similar to.

According to research, which of the following statements about similarity attraction is true?

Men's same-sex friendships tend to revolve around shared activities. Women's same-sex friendships emphasize emotional expressiveness. Women's same-sex friendships tend to be more conversational.

According to research, which of the following statements tend to be true in comparing men's and women's same-sex friendships?

the benefits of the relationship outweigh the costs.

According to social exchange theory, people prefer to maintain relationships in which

breadth.

According to social penetration theory, the range of topics one discloses with people is known as

complementarity

According to the principle of ______, we are sometimes attracted to people who have qualities we lack.

False

True or false: For young adults, online romantic relationships are as satisfying as face-to-face relationships.

positivity.

Acting friendly and cheerful, as well as being courteous to others and refraining from criticism are part of the relational maintenance behavior

social networks.

All the friendships and family relationships you have are the relational maintenance behavior of

women; men

Although it is not much, on average ______ disclose more information than ______.

reciprocal.

Although there are exceptions to the rule, self-disclosure is usually

1. acquaintance to friend 2. friend to close friend 3. close friend to "almost best" friend

Arrange the three phases of workplace friendships with the beginning starting at the top.

to protect them to maintain them

As human beings, we are fundamentally inclined to do which of the following regarding strong social relationships?

that people use to stress their faithfulness and commitment to others.

Assurances are relational maintenance behaviors

drawn to

Attraction theory helps explain why we are ______ others.

mutual trust keeping your friend's secrets respecting privacy offering help

Based on research findings, what are some of the important rules of friendship?

social penetration theory.

Breadth and depth are both dimensions of

emotional rewards

Comfort, empathy, happiness, and support are all examples of the ______ of friendships.

trust

Enhancement of relationships and ______ is a key benefit of self-disclosure.

self-disclosure.

Enhancement of relationships and trust, reciprocity, and emotional release are all benefits of

true.

For an act of communication to be considered self-disclosure, the speaker must believe it to be

sometimes conflict.

Friendship roles and work roles

proximity

How closely people live or work in relation to each other is known as ______ and is an important predictor of attractiveness.

"leakage."

If information is accidentally revealed instead of intentionally revealed, it is referred to as verbal

equity

If your cost-to-benefit ratio in a relationship is consistently higher than your partner's, you won't want to maintain that relationship according to ______ theory.

60%

In one study, communication scientists found that ______ of college students reported having engaged in sexual activity with a nonromantic other-sex friend.

personal

In social exchange theory, depth measures how ______ our disclosures are.

breadth depth

In what two ways do self-disclosures usually vary?

true friends ---> those who consider themselves to be close friends who share sexual relationships just sex partners ---> those who interact almost exclusively for sexual interaction network opportunists ---> casual friends who engage in sexual activity if neither finds a more desirable partner successful transition pairs ---> friends with benefits who eventually form a romantic relationship with each other

Match the type of friend on the left with its definition on the right. Instructions

material

Money, food, and transportation are all examples of ______ rewards.

reciprocity.

Mutual self-disclosure in involved in the benefit of

are peers.

One important characteristic of friendships is that they are usually between people who

self-disclosure.

Rejection, obligations in others, hurt to others, and violation of other people's privacy are all risks of

They can be just as emotionally close as face-to-face relationships over time.

Research shows that which of the following statements about online relationships is correct?

maintain a healthy lifestyle. manage the negative effects of stress.

Research suggests that close relationships help people to

manage the negative effects of stress. maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Research suggests that close relationships help people to

False

True or false: Relational maintenance behaviors theory explains why we choose to maintain relationships.

initially interact with others.

Uncertainty reduction theory explains why we

familiar.

We find social validation in those who are

intentionally giving others information about oneself.

Self-disclosure is the act of

whether to maintain relationships.

Social exchange theory and equity theory explain how costs and benefits are weighted to decide

can result in a conflict of interest. are discouraged in some professions.

Social relationships with clients

peer

Someone who is similar to us in power or status is a _____

depth

The ______ dimension of social penetration theory measures how personal or intimate our disclosures are.

enhancement of relationships and trust

The benefit of ______ involves sharing appropriate self-disclosure in close relationships which helps us maintain those relationships.

how certain behaviors function to reinforce social bonds.

The concept of relational maintenance behaviors explains

depth.

The extent to which one's self-disclosures are personal or intimate is known as

emotional release

The feeling of getting something "off your chest" occurs in the ______ benefit of self-disclosure.

putting your fair share of the work in a friendship.

The relational maintenance behavior of sharing tasks means

a person's willingness to discuss his or her relationship with a friend or relational partner.

The relationship maintenance behavior openness describes

professional

The task dimension of your friendship with a coworker relates to your ______ relationship.

equity

The theory that maintains that a good relationship is one in which your ratio of costs to rewards is equal to that of your partner is called ______ theory.

True

True or false: Culture affects not only what we perceive as attractive but also the ways in which people will manipulate or mutilate the body to achieve physical attractiveness.

task

When a supervisor and an employee become friends or romantic partners, the power difference between them introduces a _____ dimension that can complicate their communication.

mutual self-disclosure.

When it comes to self-disclosure, reciprocity means

they are just averages.

When looking at sex differences with behavior it is important to remember

casual work friends

When we are with ______ we might disclose a little about several areas of your life, but not provide intimate details about any of them.

assistance to others.

When we self-disclose in ways that help other people such as consoling someone going through a hard time or programs like Alcoholics Anonymous, this is the benefit of

cheerfulness friendliness

Which of the following are associated with positivity, one of the five primary relational maintenance behaviors?

They are typically between peers. They are voluntary. They are governed by rules.

Which of the following are characteristics of friendships?

It should be intentional and truthful.

Which of the following are characteristics of self-disclosure?

Avoiding messages that would embarrass or offend each other. Helping each other. Asking about each other's lives.

Which of the following are communicative strategies coworkers use to maintain close friendships with each other?

time money physical

Which of the following are costs that social relationships can bring? (Select all that apply.)

transportation food money

Which of the following are examples of material rewards that are provided by social relationships?

the perceived fairness with which the employees the adjustment of organizational norms to support a couple's involvement the evaluations that others in an organization make of a couple's relationship

Which of the following are factors that can influence whether a romantic relationship at work will have positive or negative effects for the organization?

enhancement of relationships and trust assistance to others reciprocity emotional release

Which of the following are key benefits of self-disclosure?

rejection obligating others hurting others violating others' privacy

Which of the following are potential risks of self-disclosure?

similarity personal appearance proximity

Which of the following are qualities that research finds especially powerful in influencing attraction?

They provide rewards. They meet our need to belong. They improve our quality of life.

Which of the following are reasons that social relationships matter so much to us?

Coworkers are peers. Coworkers have shared experiences. Coworkers spend a good deal of time together.

Which of the following are reasons why people engage in friendships with coworkers?

Attractive people often have healthy genes, making them ideal mates. We value and appreciate physical beauty.

Which of the following are reasons why we are attracted to physically attractive people?

equity theory social exchange theory

Which of the following are theories that help explain how costs and benefits are weighed to decide whether to maintain relationships?

They have a personal dimension. They can lead to higher job satisfaction. They have a task dimension.

Which of the following are true about social relationships in the workplace?

We must deliberately share the information about ourselves. We must believe the information is true.

Which of the following are two conditions required to qualify as self-disclosure?

self-disclosure

Which of the following describes the act of intentionally giving others information about ourselves that we believe to be true but which we think they don't already have?

They help us learn detachment techniques.

Which of the following does not explain why social relationships matter so much to us?

gender roles culture

Which of the following influence self-disclosure?

demanding help

Which of the following is NOT one of the rules of friendship?

sharing tasks

Which of the following is a relational maintenance behavior?

We provide assistance to others.

Which of the following is identified in the text as a key benefit of self-disclosure?

proximity

Which of the following is one of the four especially powerful qualities that attract us to others?

openness

Which of the following is the primary relationship maintenance behavior that includes emotional disclosure?

assurance

Which of the following is the relational maintenance behavior through which people stress their faithfulness and commitment to each other?

It varies among relationships.

Which of the following is true about self-disclosure?

Relationships carry costs as well as benefits.

Which of the following is true about social relationships?

Social networks include both online and face-to-face relationships.

Which of the following statements about social networks are true?

Comparison level measures how satisfied you are in a relationship. Comparison level for alternatives predicts whether a relationship will last.

Which of the following statements accurately describe comparison level and comparison level for alternatives in social exchange theory?

Complementarity is a factor in attraction. Sometimes opposites attract.

Which of the following statements are true about attraction?

Friendships at work can make the workday more pleasant. Friendship roles and work roles may conflict. They can be more challenging to control than regular friendships.

Which of the following statements are true about social relationships in the workplace?

It is influenced by cultural norms. It describes what you will accept even though your needs or expectations have not been met. It is influenced by relationship experiences.

Which of the following statements are true about the concept of comparison level?

There is an unequal distribution of power that can lead to conflict.

Which of the following statements describes the unique challenge for friendships between superiors and subordinates?

symmetrical faces proportional bodies

Which of the following traits are perceived as attractive across many cultures?

attraction theory

Which theory explains why individuals are drawn to others?

satisfied

While our comparison level for a particular relationship strongly influences how satisfied we are in that relationship, our comparison level for alternatives more strongly influences how ______ we are in that relationship.

therapist physician

With which of the following people would we not expect reciprocity after we disclose information?

alternatives

Your comparison level for ______ measures how much better or worse your current relationship is than your other options.