Chapter 7 hwk questions

Which statements characterize perforating canals of bone

- they contain blood vessels and nerves - they run perpendicular to central canals - they connect multiple central canals

Which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons

- they contain collagen fibers -they are rings of bone tissue -their numbers vary among osteons

Which statements describe an osteon

-It contains a central canal. -It is microscopic. -It is also called a Haversian system. -It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone.

Which statements characterize periosteum

-It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. -It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. -It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones.

Which statements characterize woven bone

-It is formed during intramembranous ossification -It is not well organized

Which are examples of flat bones

-bones of the roof of the skull -shoulder blade bones -the breastbone (sternum)

Calcium is required for

-initiation of muscle contraction -exocytosis of molecules from cells, including neurons -stimulation of the heart by pacemaker cells -blood clotting

compact bone makes up _____ of bone mass

80%

The hormone that is produced in the thyroid gland and has the greatest effect on Children's blood calcium levels is

Calcitonin

The letter A represents the _____ canal of the osteon

Central

In this figure of bone repair, identify the structure marked A

Fibrocartilaginous callus

Bone C in the given picture is classified as a(n) ______ bone.

Flat

Bone provide structural support for the body serving as a(an) ______ for the entire body

Framework

A central canal of an osteon is also called a ___ canal

Haversian

Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone

Hip bones

PTH acts synergistically with calcitonin to _______ , the release of calcium from the bone to the blood by ________ osteoclast activity

Increase, increasing

Identify the bone type marked letter A

Irregular bone

Which statements correctly describe compact bone

It forms the external walls of a long bone. It is solid and relatively dense.

Which statements describe the inorganic components of matrix of bone

It gives the bone its hardness. It contains hydroxyapatite crystals.

Which statements describe the matrix of bone

It is composed of organic and inorganic substances. It is harder than the matrix of cartilage.

The cell of bone labeled B is a(an)

Osteoclast

The bone cell labeled A is an

Osteocyte

Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that have lost their bone-forming ability when enveloped by calcified osteoid are called

Osteocytes

What is the entire structure pictured here

Osteon

In the picture of a flat bone, what does letter A represent

Periosteum

The mineral called ___, stored within bone, is a component of ATP and phospholipids.

Phosphate

Which statements characterize osteocytes

They reside in lacunae. They maintain bone matrix.

By age 25, most epiphyseal plates have ossified and lengthwise bone growth has stopped

True

Rickets is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?

Vitamin D

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.

articular cartilage

Acting as levers for movement is a function of ______.

bones

Bone formation requires

calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D

Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______.

canaliculi

Osteoclasts are

cells that break down bone matrix

Which is an organic component of a bone

collagen fibers

Bone is a type of _______ tissue.

connective

The primary ossification center is located in the _____ of a long bone

diaphysis

the elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its

diaphysis

An incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called ______.

endosteum

In this picture of bone tissue, name the structure labeled B.

endosteum

rings of bone directly internal to the periosteum of a bone are called

external circumferential lamellae

The semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers and is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone is the ____ substance

ground

The process of blood cell production is called

hemopoiesis

What is the process of blood cell production called

hemopoiesis

Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form ____ in the matrix of bone

hydroxyapatite crystals

The function of parathyroid hormone is to

increase blood calcium levels

When osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, bone mass ______.

increases

The flat bones of the skull are formed through _____ ossification

intramembranous

based on shape, bones that have elaborate, complex shapes are classified as?

irregular bones

Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone

it contains no osteons it contains parallel lamellae

Bones of the skeleton function as a system of ______ that are pulled when skeletal muscles contract

levers

Based on shape, the most common type of bone is the ___ bone

long

The femur is an example of a _____ bone.

long

Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.

lower limb bones, vertebrae, and upper limb bones

the cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called?

medullary cavity

Another name for the calcification of bone is

mineralization

An osteoblast is an example of which type of component of bone?

organic component

The process of bone formation is called

ossification

Bone resorption is a function of

osteoclasts

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called the ______.

periosteum

Osteoblasts function to

produce osteoid

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the __________ epiphysis

proximal

The bone part labeled "A" in the figure is the ______.

proximal epiphysis

The wrist bones are example of _____ bones

short

groups of bones serve as attachment sites for

skeletal muscles

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called ____ bone.

spongy

Which statements characterize osteoclasts

they have ruffled borders they are phagocytic

In intramembranous ossification, newly formed bone that is immature and not well organized is called

woven bone

Severe anemia can trigger the conversion of _____ bone marrow into _____ bone marrow

yellow and red