Chapter 7 Life Span Development
Postconventional reasoning
A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience.
Conventional reasoning
A type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society.
increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli
In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:
90 to 150
In toddlers, the pulse rate is _________ beats/min
An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's
Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct?
Anxious-avoidant attachment
A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others.
Secure attachment
A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that his or her parents or caregivers will be responsive to his or her needs and take care of him or her when he or she needs help.
90 and 140 mm Hg
A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between:
mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death
According to the terminal drop hypothesis:
mental
Among elderly persons, _________ function in the 5 years preceding death is presumed to decline
the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible
An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:
Morore flex
An infant reflex in which the infant open his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things
Rooting reflex
An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant's cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.
blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight
An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:
barotrauma
An infant's lungs are fragile, and providing bag-valve mask ventilations that are too forceful can result in trauma from pressure, or _____
10 to 18 months
At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?
the blockage of a coronary artery
Atherosclerosis is defined as ________
18
By _____ to 24 months, toddlers begin to understand cause and effect
1-3 years
Children of which age group are considered toddlers?
increase
Diastolic blood pressure tends to _______________ with age
increased surface area available for air exchange
Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:
50%
Kidney function declines by _________________ between the ages of 20 and 90 years
take multiple medications
Older adults frequently ___________
increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain
Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:
9 and 18 months
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:
fontanelles
The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________
70 beats/min
The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:
atherosclerosis
The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to:
19 and 25 years
The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:
shrinkage of the brain
The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:
vital capacity
The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration
Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up
Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?
Increased weight
Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?
Secondary sexual development begins
Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?
Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production
Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?
early adulthood
Work, family, and stress best describe the life stage known as:
responds to her name but is fearful of your presence
You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:
most likely above 90 beats/min
You are dispatched to a public park in the middle of a sprawling subdivision for an arm injury. You arrive to find a crying 5-year-old boy cradling his swollen and deformed left forearm. His friends tell you that he was holding onto the bars of the play structure and that his arm "snapped" when he jumped into the sand below. You would expect this boy's pulse to be: