Chapter 7 Nervous Exam

27. Which disease is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia and is associated with a shortage of acetylcholine?

Alzheimer's disease

72. Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed into venous blood in the dural sinuses via the _______.

Arachnoid granulations

88. The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are two arms of the _______.

Autonomic nervous system

41.What part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters from vesicles?

Axon terminals

17. In which cerebral lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

Parietal

67. A special group of neurons in the gray matter of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the _____.

Reticular activating system (RAS)

34. The largest nerve in the body, the sciatic nerve belongs to the?

Sacral

4. The part of the neuron the typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the _.

axon

1.What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system?

Central and peripheral

70. Wendy had a few alcoholic drinks, then found walking and maintaining her balance difficult. Which part of her brain was sedated by the alcohol?

Cerebellum

33. What congenital disorder can occur when there is a temporary lack of oxygen during delivery of a baby?

Cerebral palsy

75. Which of the following brain dysfunctions is also known as a stroke?

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

14. What brain dysfunction results when blood supply to a region of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel?

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke

25. Hemiplegia and aphasia characterize those patients who have experienced a ______.

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke

78. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, from superior to inferior?

Cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves

16. Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as?

Choroid plexus

82. Which cranial nerves control eye movement?

Cranial nerve III, IV, VI

48. What best describes bipolar neurons?

Bipolar neurons are found in special sense organs, such as the eye and nose

38. Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are?

Both somatic and sensory

63. The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ______.

Brain stem

37. The term central nervous system refers to the?

Brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves

19. Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons?

Breathing

32. Damage to the cervical nerve plexus can cause problems with?

Breathing

62. Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the _______.

Broca's area

96. Which one of the following statements about aging is most accurate?

Despite some neuronal loss, an unlimited number of neuronal pathways are available and ready to be developed; therefore additional learning can occur throughout life.

13. The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelium collectively constitute the?

Diencephalon interbrain

80. Which of the following parts of a spinal nerve contains sensory nerves only?

Dorsal root ganglion

71. Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

74. The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of _______.

Metabolic waste such as urea

7. Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged?

Motor neuron

52. Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called?

Saltatory conduction

2. What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?

Schwann cells

11. During repolarization, what ions are pumped out of the cell?

Sodium

51. An action potential is caused by an influx of____ ions into the cell

Sodium

8. What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized?

Sodium ions

12. What reflexes stimulate skeletal muscles?

Somatic

77. What do the ventral roots and dorsal roots fuse to form?

Spinal nerves

29. What branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes the body during extreme situations, such as rage or fear?

Sympathetic division

91. Preparing the body for the "fight or flight" response during threatening situations is the role of the ________.

Sympathetic nervous system

55. The gap between 2 communicating neurons is termed?

Synaptic cleft

23. What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex?

Thalamus

53. Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes?

The all or none response

90. Which of the following is an alternate name for the parasympathetic nervous system?

none of the above **?

24. The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ______ mater.

pia

95. What congenital disorder results when the vertebrae fail to form completely around the spinal cord, typically in the lumbosacral region?

spina bifida

18. The blood brain barrier is formed by ____ junctions that nearly seamlessly bind capillaries in the brain

tight

30. What pair of cranial nerves extends to the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

vagus

26. How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord?

31

56. which of the following terms indicates a nerve impulse has been initiated and is being transmitted?

Action potential

85. Which nervous system subdivision is a chain of two motor neurons consisting of preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron?

Autonomic

54. Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon's membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next?

Calcium

46. Ganglia are collections of ________.

Cell bodies

87. The sciatic nerve splits to form which two nerves?

Common fibular and tibial nerves

43. What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)?

Connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways

64. What specific part of the midbrain houses reflect centers for vision and hearing?

Corpora quadrigemina

22. The large fiber tract that allows communication between the 2 cerebral hemispheres is called the?

Corpus callosum

66. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through all of the following EXCEPT _________.

Corpus callosum

40. Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid?

Ependymal cells

79. Which one of the following is the correct sequence in the connective tissue sheaths, going from the outermost to the innermost layer?

Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium

61. A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?

Frontal lobe

89. In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system_____.

Has a chain of two motor neurons *(motor neurons are efferent, sensory neurons are afferent)*

68. Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ______.

Hypothalamus

60. Which of the following indicates damage to the primary motor area?

Inability to voluntarily move skeletal muscles

92. Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Increased metabolic rate

10. What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways?

Interneurons (association neurons)

45. What are the two major functional properties of neurons?

Irritability and conductivity

73. Cerebrospinal fluid ______.

Is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses

76. The spinal cord terminates by vertebra _______.

L3

42. Ms. Young feels deep pressure during a tooth extraction. Which type of sensory receptor detects this sensation?

Lamellar corpuscle

65. The hypothalamus is the "emotional-visceral" center of the brain and , thus, is and important part of the _______.

Limbic system

20. What fissure separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres of the brain?

Longitudinal fissure

86. Which of the following is NOT a major nerve of the brachial nerve plexus?

Median

69. The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ______.

Medulla oblongata

15.the brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by the 3 connective tissue membranes that are collectively called?

Meninges

44. How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons (association neurons), structurally classified?

Multipolar

47. Impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are ________.

Myelinated

3. Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called _______.

Neuroglia

49. What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron

Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell

5. The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called ______.

Nodes of Ranvier

31. What is the name of cranial nerve III?

Oculomotor

39. Which of these neuroglial cells form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Oligodendrocytes

36. What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest and digest" division?

Parasympathetic

93. The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the _____.

Parasympathetic nervous system

28. The _____ is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers.

Perineurium

21. The hypothalamus regulates the _____

Pituitary gland

83. The ventral rami of the spinal nerves form a complex network of nerves known as a ____.

Plexus

50. Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid?

Potassium ions

6. Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed _____.

Proprioceptors

35. Each spinal nerve divides into a dorsal and a ventral?

Ramus

57. Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex area?

Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

94. Sympathetic division fibers leave the spinal cord in the ______.

Thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine

81. How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain?

Twelve

59. Which of the following is NOT a major region of the brain?

Ventral ramus

84. Which cranial nerve transmits impulses for the senses of hearing and balance?

Vestibulocochlear

9. Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ___ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ____ matters.

White; gray

58. Rick quickly pulled his hand away from the hot stove. What type of reflex is this?

Withdrawal reflex