Chapter 7 - PSY3030

Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester—Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience. He gives his students a survey. What is Dr. Kramer's likely population of interest? - All students at the university - All students he is currently teaching - All psychology majors and minors - All students in his Introduction to Neuroscience class

All students he is currently teaching

Which of the following is NOT an example of a probability sample? - Systematic sample - Cluster sample - Convenience sample - Simple random sample

Convenience sample

External validity is most important for which of the following claims? - Causal claims - External validity is equally important for all claims. - Association claims - Frequency claims

Frequency claims

For his research methods class project, Hiro is studying the effect of pet ownership on stress levels. Although a lot of research has been done on dog and cat owners, not much is known about other pets so Hiro decides to study bird owners. Which of the following would demonstrate a snowball sampling technique? - He asks bird owners to give him the names of other bird owners. - His participants are all the people who have purchased birds at his local pet store in the past 6 months. - He contacts the Twitter followers of Dr. Oiseau, a famous biologist who studies birds. - He recruits bird owners by e-mailing members of the National Bird Owners Association and asking for participants.

He asks bird owners to give him the names of other bird owners.

Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester—Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience. He gives his students a survey. 43 of 50 Introduction to Neuroscience students and 46 of 48 Psychology and Law students complete the survey. Based on this information, which of the following can Dr. Kramer say? - His sample is biased. - His sample came from his population of interest. - His sample is representative. - His sample is larger than his population.

His sample came from his population of interest.

When you are interrogating the external validity of a sample, which is the most important question to ask? - How were the participants measured? - How was the sample collected? - How many people are in the population? - How many people are in the sample?

How was the sample collected?

Which of the following is true of probability sampling? - It results in larger samples than nonprobability sampling. - It is the best way to obtain a representative sample. - It is the same as random assignment. - It should only be used when external validity is not the goal of the study.

It is the best way to obtain a representative sample.

Which of the following is true of sample size? - It primarily affects internal validity. - It primarily affects statistical validity. - It primarily affects external validity. - It primarily affects construct validity.

It primarily affects statistical validity.

Dr. Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year. He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%. What is another term for the 4% value? - Sampling bias - Probability value - Statistical significance - Margin of error

Margin of error

Which of the following statements is true of random assignment and random sampling? - Random assignment is necessary for internal validity, whereas random sampling is necessary for external validity. - They both are necessary for frequency claims. - Random sampling is more important than random assignment. - They both mean the same thing.

Random assignment is necessary for internal validity, whereas random sampling is necessary for external validity.

Online surveys commonly suffer from which of the following? - Over sampling - Poor reliability - Self-selection - Probability sampling

Self-selection

Which of the following is true regarding interrogating frequency claims? - Frequency claims cannot be interrogated. - The chief concern is to evaluate the sampling technique. - The most important thing to consider is the size of the sample. - heir accuracy can usually be determined.

The chief concern is to evaluate the sampling technique.

Dr. Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year. He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%. If Dr. Cyril increased his sample size to 1,000, which of the following would happen? - External validity would become less important. - The margin of error would become smaller. - The true estimate would increase. - Statistical validity would become negatively affected.

The margin of error would become smaller.

Research articles that use terms such as "unbiased sample," "random samples," or "representative sample" allow for readers to __________. - reject the conclusions made by the researcher(s) - make a frequency claim - be confident in a study's external validity - skip interrogating statistical validity

be confident in a study's external validity

The difference between a cluster sample and a stratified random sample is: - cluster samples study all possible clusters; stratified random samples randomly select strata. - cluster samples use oversampling; stratified random samples use undersampling. - cluster samples use randomly selected clusters; stratified random samples use predetermined strata. - There is no difference between cluster samples and stratified random samples.

cluster samples use randomly selected clusters; stratified random samples use predetermined strata.

The difference between a cluster sample and a multistage sample is: - cluster samples are probability samples; multistage samples are not. - multistage samples sample both clusters and participants; cluster samples just sample clusters. - cluster samples rely on clusters of participants; multistage samples collect data from participants at different stages. - There is no difference between cluster samples and multistage samples.

multistage samples sample both clusters and participants; cluster samples just sample clusters.

A sample is to __________ as a population is to __________. - participants; researchers - people; groups - part; entire - external; internal

part; entire

Another term for probability sampling is: - cluster sampling. - random sampling. - purposive sampling. - convenience sampling.

random sampling.

A sample is always __________ a population. - more scientific than - smaller than - more interesting than - more expensive to measure than

smaller than